NR 546 Final Exam – Psychopharmacology Q&A with Detailed Rationales Including Exam Questions and Certified Answers, with a 100% Guarantee of Success

NR 546 Final Exam –
Psychopharmacology Q&A
with Detailed Rationales




Including Exam Questions
and Certified Answers, with
a 100% Guarantee of
Success

,Question 1
Pharmacologic Treatment of Bipolar Disorder
Correct Answer
Lithium
Anticonvulsants
Second generation antipsychotics


Question 2
Unipolar depression
Correct Answer
major depressive disorder (MDD)
one of the most common mental disorders
-Approximately 7.1% of adults in the U.S. had episode in last year, prevalence highest (13.1%)
among individuals aged 18-25

S/S
-depressed mood
-loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities
-irritability
-withdrawal
-problems with sleep, eating, energy, concentration, or self-worth
-severe depression: may experience thoughts of suicide or psychotic symptoms.


Question 3
Bipolar disorder (BD)
Correct Answer
Chronic condition characterized by extreme fluctuations in mood, energy, and ability to function
-Moods may be manic, hypomanic, or depressed and may include mixed mood or psychotic
features
-many have only experienced only one manic episode in their lifetime
-Mood fluctuations may be separated by periods of high stability or may cycle rapidly
-diagnosed when a client has one or more episodes of mania or hypomania with a history of
one or more major depressive episodes
-high risk for suicide


Question 4
mania
Correct Answer
characterized by a persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood. Related symptoms may
include inflated self-esteem, increased goal-directed activity or energy, including grandiosity,
decreased need for sleep, excessive talkativeness, racing thoughts, flight of ideas (FOI),
distractibility, psychomotor agitation, and a propensity to be involved in high -risk activities.

,Mania leads to significant functional impairment and may include psychotic features or
necessitate hospitalization


Question 5
Bipolar Type I:
Correct Answer
requires at least one episode of mania for at least one week (or any duration if hospitalization
due to symptoms is required)


Question 6
Bipolar Type II:
Correct Answer
diagnosis requires a current or past hypomanic episode and a current or past major depressive
episode. Symptoms last for at least 4 days but fewer than seven.
-Hypomanic symptoms are not of sufficient duration or severity to cause significant functional
impairment, psychosis, or hospitalization.
-Anger and irritability are common.
-Clients often enjoy the elevation of mood and are reluctant to report these symptoms, making
bipolar more difficult to diagnose if the client presents in the depression phase.


Question 7
Cyclothymia:
Correct Answer
involves the chronic presentation of hypomanic and depressive symptoms that do not meet the
diagnostic criteria for a major depressive or manic/hypomanic episode.


Question 8
If bipolar depression is mistaken for MDD:
Correct Answer
antidepressant therapy may precipitate a manic episode or induce rapid-cycling bipolar
depression
-may contribute to the increased incidence of death by suicide in children and adults younger
than 25


Question 9
Antidepressants are used cautiously in clients with bipolar disorder and never as ________________.
Correct Answer
monotherapy
-Antidepressants should be combined with a mood stabilizer to prevent the onset of a
hypomanic or manic episode


Question 10

, DA, NE Dysfunction causes what mood related symptoms
Correct Answer
Decreased positive affect:
depressed mood
loss of joy
lack of interest
loss of energy
decreased alertness
decreased self-confidence
appetite changes


Question 11
5HT, NE Dysfunction causes what mood related symptoms
Correct Answer
Increased negative affect:
depressed mood
guilt
fear/anxiety
hostility
irritability
loneliness
appetite changes


Question 12
monoamine hypothesis of depression
Correct Answer
-depression occurs as a result of a deficiency of one or all three monoamine transmitters
• serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine
-while mania may result from an excess


Question 13
Medication Management for Depression, First-Line Treatment:
Correct Answer
• Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
• Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)
• Norepinephrine Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitors (NDRI)
• Serotonin Antagonist and Reuptake Inhibitors (SARIs)


Question 14
SSRI's
Correct Answer