UMD SOCY230 Final Study Guide with all Correct &
100% Verified Anwers| Actual Complete Exam |Already
Graded A+
Socialization ✔Correct Answer--- How people develop appropriate norms, rules, behaviors, and
feelings for their position in society
- Happens throughout the life course into adulthood as we take on new roles; also through childhood
as well
- How interaction over time matter and how it builds our socialization
Formal and Informal ✔Correct Answer--- Rules to follow, behaviors we're supposed to have
Formal ✔Correct Answer--Educational institutions that are supposed to socialize us
Informal ✔Correct Answer--Different Interactions
Development (Children) ✔Correct Answer--- Socialization happens during childhood
- Children learn about roles through play
- Children develop in stages from simply mimicking to acting out roles to managing multiple roles and
understand social place
* Language is a key factor
Socialization (Different kinds) ✔Correct Answer--- Socialization of Race
- Socialization of Gender
- Socialization of Class
Socialization of Race ✔Correct Answer--- Children learn about "groups" and others as children
- Parents and families teach children about race; directly and indirectly
- Children negate and understand these interactions and lessons and it shapes their behavior
- Children are taught what is appropriate and necessary in order to survive and succeed in their
environment
Socialization of Class ✔Correct Answer--- Children learn about class position later
- Most people believe they are middle class
- Children are taught about behaviors and preferences appropriate to their class, which serve as a
symbol and meaning
Cultural omnivores (Bennett, 2009) ✔Correct Answer--The wealthy
Childhood ✔Correct Answer--- Childhood has different meaning and boundaries across societies
- Childhood is both a way that society is constructed and its own culture
- Children use what they learn and see in adult culture to serve their own needs and learn but alter
them at the same time
- Culture is both reproduced and changed
- Children do have agency and have been shown to make choices and act to reach goals
Structure and Life Course ✔Correct Answer--- Social institutions and events influence socialization
,- Focuses on changes and processes from childhood through adulthood, including events and role
transitions
- How does society influence our life trajectory and experiences? How do people transition to new
roles?
Time and Place: Location in History ✔Correct Answer--- Some scholars study cohorts (generations)
of people born in the same time period
- These generations experience different historical events at different times in their life
- Broad events are experienced through our particular network
Cohorts ✔Correct Answer--a group of people banded together or treated as a group
Elder (1999) ✔Correct Answer--- wrote Children of the Great Depression
- Experiencing the depression influenced the self-concept and work, and the effects were different
depending on specific experiences
Timing of Life Stages ✔Correct Answer--- Societies have events or transitions that typically happen
at certain age (marriage, parenthood, getting a job)
- The age at which people experience something and where they fall on the distribution, can shape
outcomes
- Societies define what stages (childhood, adolescence, adulthood, late life) mean and the roles and
behaviors that are expected
- A turning point occurs when they typical life path in a society is interrupted
Linked Lives ✔Correct Answer--- Humans are connected through relationships, so things that
happen to us affect those around us (positive and negative)
- Social context (family structure) can also affect how people react to experiences and transitions
*Intangible (support, love) and material (financial) resources of networks can help someone get
through a difficult situation
Agency ✔Correct Answer--- Although people are constrained by social structures, people can make
choices within those constraints this is why there are infinite possible outcomes
- The amount of agency peel think they have also affects outcomes (Mastery)
Socializing institutions ✔Correct Answer--- Groups and institutions that are most important for
teaching norms and values
- These serve as the conduit between larger society and the individual
Institutions (Most Important) ✔Correct Answer--- Family
- School
- Peers
Family (Roles) ✔Correct Answer--- Primary source of socialization
- Characteristics and structures lead to different outcomes, both positive and negative, and family
structures have also changed over time
- Family class influences resources but also the socialization processes within the family
- Most people end up in the same social position as their parents, which is a primary way that values
and lessons are transmitted
Gecas 1992 ✔Correct Answer--- Working class families tend to value and teach conformity while
middle class families tend to teach and value autonomy, which influences children' outcomes
, School (Roles) ✔Correct Answer--- School teaches children both formal and informal knowledge
- informal rules and norms of society
- This occurs partially through an environment with less interaction with adults and more interaction
with children in similar age groups
- learning how to behave in bureaucratic settings and rules for behavior
- Schools also operate within and reflect broader social structures and events
Pygmalion effect ✔Correct Answer--- Teachers have expectations for students based on biases and
these actually influence the performance of the student
- Teachers are part of society too, and their biases can influence which students succeed
Tracking ✔Correct Answer--- Some students are labeled as advanced and others as average
Peers (Role) ✔Correct Answer--- Peer socialize each other
- Peer settings are the first where you can choose who you interact with and choose to leave
- More flexible and independent
- learning complex relationships
- Stratification occurs
Peers (Benefits) ✔Correct Answer--- Validation
- Development of presentation of self and learning social rules
- Knowledge that children can't get from parents or school
Media ✔Correct Answer--- socializing agent
- it can normalize things, for better or worse
- people can be exposed to new things and become more accepting, but also learn stereotypes and
biases
Group Processes and Socialization ✔Correct Answer--- Because group processes usually uses
experiments, it can be tough to study socialization
- Researchers can't really randomly assign subjects to different kinds of socialization
Status Characteristics Theory ✔Correct Answer--- Individuals have characteristics that carry
expectations for behavior within groups, which then create a status hierarchy
- Socialization comes in through teaching us about the characteristics themselves, which are culture
specific
- The expectations we carry are due to socialization
*Women's contributions on average are valued less than men
Socialization (Effects) ✔Correct Answer--- Group processes teach us about the effects of
socialization
(ex: a study can approximate teaching people about differences between groups and seeing how the
influences outcomes
Lovagila (1998) ✔Correct Answer--Studied performance in testing after telling some subjects that
their handedness influences competence
Correll (2004) ✔Correct Answer--Studied performance in an invented task after telling some
subjects that men do better on average
100% Verified Anwers| Actual Complete Exam |Already
Graded A+
Socialization ✔Correct Answer--- How people develop appropriate norms, rules, behaviors, and
feelings for their position in society
- Happens throughout the life course into adulthood as we take on new roles; also through childhood
as well
- How interaction over time matter and how it builds our socialization
Formal and Informal ✔Correct Answer--- Rules to follow, behaviors we're supposed to have
Formal ✔Correct Answer--Educational institutions that are supposed to socialize us
Informal ✔Correct Answer--Different Interactions
Development (Children) ✔Correct Answer--- Socialization happens during childhood
- Children learn about roles through play
- Children develop in stages from simply mimicking to acting out roles to managing multiple roles and
understand social place
* Language is a key factor
Socialization (Different kinds) ✔Correct Answer--- Socialization of Race
- Socialization of Gender
- Socialization of Class
Socialization of Race ✔Correct Answer--- Children learn about "groups" and others as children
- Parents and families teach children about race; directly and indirectly
- Children negate and understand these interactions and lessons and it shapes their behavior
- Children are taught what is appropriate and necessary in order to survive and succeed in their
environment
Socialization of Class ✔Correct Answer--- Children learn about class position later
- Most people believe they are middle class
- Children are taught about behaviors and preferences appropriate to their class, which serve as a
symbol and meaning
Cultural omnivores (Bennett, 2009) ✔Correct Answer--The wealthy
Childhood ✔Correct Answer--- Childhood has different meaning and boundaries across societies
- Childhood is both a way that society is constructed and its own culture
- Children use what they learn and see in adult culture to serve their own needs and learn but alter
them at the same time
- Culture is both reproduced and changed
- Children do have agency and have been shown to make choices and act to reach goals
Structure and Life Course ✔Correct Answer--- Social institutions and events influence socialization
,- Focuses on changes and processes from childhood through adulthood, including events and role
transitions
- How does society influence our life trajectory and experiences? How do people transition to new
roles?
Time and Place: Location in History ✔Correct Answer--- Some scholars study cohorts (generations)
of people born in the same time period
- These generations experience different historical events at different times in their life
- Broad events are experienced through our particular network
Cohorts ✔Correct Answer--a group of people banded together or treated as a group
Elder (1999) ✔Correct Answer--- wrote Children of the Great Depression
- Experiencing the depression influenced the self-concept and work, and the effects were different
depending on specific experiences
Timing of Life Stages ✔Correct Answer--- Societies have events or transitions that typically happen
at certain age (marriage, parenthood, getting a job)
- The age at which people experience something and where they fall on the distribution, can shape
outcomes
- Societies define what stages (childhood, adolescence, adulthood, late life) mean and the roles and
behaviors that are expected
- A turning point occurs when they typical life path in a society is interrupted
Linked Lives ✔Correct Answer--- Humans are connected through relationships, so things that
happen to us affect those around us (positive and negative)
- Social context (family structure) can also affect how people react to experiences and transitions
*Intangible (support, love) and material (financial) resources of networks can help someone get
through a difficult situation
Agency ✔Correct Answer--- Although people are constrained by social structures, people can make
choices within those constraints this is why there are infinite possible outcomes
- The amount of agency peel think they have also affects outcomes (Mastery)
Socializing institutions ✔Correct Answer--- Groups and institutions that are most important for
teaching norms and values
- These serve as the conduit between larger society and the individual
Institutions (Most Important) ✔Correct Answer--- Family
- School
- Peers
Family (Roles) ✔Correct Answer--- Primary source of socialization
- Characteristics and structures lead to different outcomes, both positive and negative, and family
structures have also changed over time
- Family class influences resources but also the socialization processes within the family
- Most people end up in the same social position as their parents, which is a primary way that values
and lessons are transmitted
Gecas 1992 ✔Correct Answer--- Working class families tend to value and teach conformity while
middle class families tend to teach and value autonomy, which influences children' outcomes
, School (Roles) ✔Correct Answer--- School teaches children both formal and informal knowledge
- informal rules and norms of society
- This occurs partially through an environment with less interaction with adults and more interaction
with children in similar age groups
- learning how to behave in bureaucratic settings and rules for behavior
- Schools also operate within and reflect broader social structures and events
Pygmalion effect ✔Correct Answer--- Teachers have expectations for students based on biases and
these actually influence the performance of the student
- Teachers are part of society too, and their biases can influence which students succeed
Tracking ✔Correct Answer--- Some students are labeled as advanced and others as average
Peers (Role) ✔Correct Answer--- Peer socialize each other
- Peer settings are the first where you can choose who you interact with and choose to leave
- More flexible and independent
- learning complex relationships
- Stratification occurs
Peers (Benefits) ✔Correct Answer--- Validation
- Development of presentation of self and learning social rules
- Knowledge that children can't get from parents or school
Media ✔Correct Answer--- socializing agent
- it can normalize things, for better or worse
- people can be exposed to new things and become more accepting, but also learn stereotypes and
biases
Group Processes and Socialization ✔Correct Answer--- Because group processes usually uses
experiments, it can be tough to study socialization
- Researchers can't really randomly assign subjects to different kinds of socialization
Status Characteristics Theory ✔Correct Answer--- Individuals have characteristics that carry
expectations for behavior within groups, which then create a status hierarchy
- Socialization comes in through teaching us about the characteristics themselves, which are culture
specific
- The expectations we carry are due to socialization
*Women's contributions on average are valued less than men
Socialization (Effects) ✔Correct Answer--- Group processes teach us about the effects of
socialization
(ex: a study can approximate teaching people about differences between groups and seeing how the
influences outcomes
Lovagila (1998) ✔Correct Answer--Studied performance in testing after telling some subjects that
their handedness influences competence
Correll (2004) ✔Correct Answer--Studied performance in an invented task after telling some
subjects that men do better on average
