test 1 BIO 1a03 Exam Questions With
Correct Answers
Central |Dogma |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-theory |that |states |that, |in |cells, |information |only |
flows |from |DNA |to |RNA |to |proteins
what |enzyme |is |used |to |transcribe |DNA |and |describe |the |process |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-
RNA |polymerase |attaches |to |specific |promoter |regions |its |these |promoter |regions |which |
identifies |the |starting |point,
describe |the |DNA |and |RNA |directionality |and |how |the |direction |followed |by |RNA |polymerase |-
|CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-the |5' |end |has |the |5'phosphate |on |a |nucleotide |the |other |end |is |the |3'
|OH |group |of |a |nucleotide |
-traditionally |read |from |5' |to |3' |
- |the |RNA |polymerase |goes |in |a |3' |to |5' |direction |
-synthesizing |a |molecule |from |the |5' |to |3' |
-
what |are |the |stop |and |start |regions |of |DNA |called |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-promoter |(start) |
and |stop |regions
why |does |RNA |polymerase |need |Sigma |factors |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-sigma |factors |facilitate
|binding |to |the |promoter |region |of |the |DNA
what |do |holoenzymes |do |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-they |can |bind |and |unwind |the |double |
stranded |DNA |helix |to |allow |for |transcription
,describe |the |process |of |transcription |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--RNA |polymerase |binds |to |a |
promoter |region |
- |RNA |polymerase |begins |to |catalyze |the |production |of |antiparallel |RNA |that |is |complementary
|to |the |template |strand |creating |an |RNA-DNA |duplex |
-template |is |read |in |3' |to |5' |but |the |RNA |is |synthesized |from |5' |to |3'
why |do |ribonucleosides |triphosphates |pair |with |template |DNA |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |
phosphate |bond |is |used |to |drive |the |reaction |to |create |a |phosphodiester |bond |between |the |
incoming |nucleotide |and |the |RNA |transcript
what |are |the |two |types |of |terminator |sequences |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Rho-independent |
terminator |sequences |they |fold |back |on |themselves |to |form |a |G-C |hairpin |loop |and |release |
the |mRNA |transcript
- |Rho-dependent |terminator |sequences |use |specific |rho |factors |which |bind |and |use |ATP |to |
move |along |the |formed |RNA |transcript |and |destabilases |the |interaction |between |RNA |and |
DNA |and |releases |of |the |complex
What |are |transcription |factors? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-mediate |the |binding |of |RNA |
polymerase |and |the |initiation |of |transcription
different |types |of |RNA |polymerase |and |their |function |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--RNA |
polymerase |1 |and |3 |both |transcribe |structural |non |coding |RNA, |1 |focuses |on |Ribosomal |RNA |
while |3 |focuses |on |transfer |RNA
-RNA |polymerase |2 |that |transcribes |the |messenger |RNA
identify |and |describe |some |post |transcriptional |modifications |that |occur |at |the |end |of |primary
|mRNA |transcript |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--5' |cap |and |3' |poly |tail
-these |modification |are |these |to |ensure |the |export |of |mRNA |from |the |nucleus |and |protect |
against |ribonuclease |enzymes |which |target |phosphodiester |bonds
, Describe |the |5' |cap |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-7-methylguanosine |is |attached |through |a |5'-5' |
triphosphate |linkage
what |are |exons |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-sequences |of |mRNA |that |are |needed |for |coding |the |
sequence |of |amino |acids |in |the |protien
what |are |introns |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-the |intervening |sequences |that |are |transcribed |but |
not |translated |into |protein
what |happens |if |RNA |splicing |does |not |occur |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-the |protein |may |not |
have |the |correct |sequences |of |amino |acids
Describe |RNA |splicing |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-occurs |at |nucleotide |sequences |of |introns |and |
is |catalyzed |by |large |molecules |called |spliceosomes |made |up |of |snRNP |
-RNA |spliceosomes |can |recognize |and |from |base |pairings |with |nucleotides |at |designated |splice
|sites |which |then |allows |for |a |OH |group |to |attack |and |form |a |new |phosphodiester |bond
What |do |nuclear |pores |do? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-allow |nuclear |membrane |to |selectively |
move |molecules |in |and |out |of |nucleus
What |are |frameshift |mutations? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-One |or |two |base |pair |is |added |or |
deleted, |everything |shifts, |most |of |the |amino |acids |will |change.
what |happens |when |three |nucleotides |are |removed |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--no |change |in |
the |reading |frame |
-the |identity |of |the |protein |is |maintained
Proteins |are |synthesized |from |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-ribosomes
Correct Answers
Central |Dogma |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-theory |that |states |that, |in |cells, |information |only |
flows |from |DNA |to |RNA |to |proteins
what |enzyme |is |used |to |transcribe |DNA |and |describe |the |process |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-
RNA |polymerase |attaches |to |specific |promoter |regions |its |these |promoter |regions |which |
identifies |the |starting |point,
describe |the |DNA |and |RNA |directionality |and |how |the |direction |followed |by |RNA |polymerase |-
|CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-the |5' |end |has |the |5'phosphate |on |a |nucleotide |the |other |end |is |the |3'
|OH |group |of |a |nucleotide |
-traditionally |read |from |5' |to |3' |
- |the |RNA |polymerase |goes |in |a |3' |to |5' |direction |
-synthesizing |a |molecule |from |the |5' |to |3' |
-
what |are |the |stop |and |start |regions |of |DNA |called |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-promoter |(start) |
and |stop |regions
why |does |RNA |polymerase |need |Sigma |factors |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-sigma |factors |facilitate
|binding |to |the |promoter |region |of |the |DNA
what |do |holoenzymes |do |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-they |can |bind |and |unwind |the |double |
stranded |DNA |helix |to |allow |for |transcription
,describe |the |process |of |transcription |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--RNA |polymerase |binds |to |a |
promoter |region |
- |RNA |polymerase |begins |to |catalyze |the |production |of |antiparallel |RNA |that |is |complementary
|to |the |template |strand |creating |an |RNA-DNA |duplex |
-template |is |read |in |3' |to |5' |but |the |RNA |is |synthesized |from |5' |to |3'
why |do |ribonucleosides |triphosphates |pair |with |template |DNA |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |
phosphate |bond |is |used |to |drive |the |reaction |to |create |a |phosphodiester |bond |between |the |
incoming |nucleotide |and |the |RNA |transcript
what |are |the |two |types |of |terminator |sequences |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Rho-independent |
terminator |sequences |they |fold |back |on |themselves |to |form |a |G-C |hairpin |loop |and |release |
the |mRNA |transcript
- |Rho-dependent |terminator |sequences |use |specific |rho |factors |which |bind |and |use |ATP |to |
move |along |the |formed |RNA |transcript |and |destabilases |the |interaction |between |RNA |and |
DNA |and |releases |of |the |complex
What |are |transcription |factors? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-mediate |the |binding |of |RNA |
polymerase |and |the |initiation |of |transcription
different |types |of |RNA |polymerase |and |their |function |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--RNA |
polymerase |1 |and |3 |both |transcribe |structural |non |coding |RNA, |1 |focuses |on |Ribosomal |RNA |
while |3 |focuses |on |transfer |RNA
-RNA |polymerase |2 |that |transcribes |the |messenger |RNA
identify |and |describe |some |post |transcriptional |modifications |that |occur |at |the |end |of |primary
|mRNA |transcript |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--5' |cap |and |3' |poly |tail
-these |modification |are |these |to |ensure |the |export |of |mRNA |from |the |nucleus |and |protect |
against |ribonuclease |enzymes |which |target |phosphodiester |bonds
, Describe |the |5' |cap |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-7-methylguanosine |is |attached |through |a |5'-5' |
triphosphate |linkage
what |are |exons |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-sequences |of |mRNA |that |are |needed |for |coding |the |
sequence |of |amino |acids |in |the |protien
what |are |introns |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-the |intervening |sequences |that |are |transcribed |but |
not |translated |into |protein
what |happens |if |RNA |splicing |does |not |occur |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-the |protein |may |not |
have |the |correct |sequences |of |amino |acids
Describe |RNA |splicing |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-occurs |at |nucleotide |sequences |of |introns |and |
is |catalyzed |by |large |molecules |called |spliceosomes |made |up |of |snRNP |
-RNA |spliceosomes |can |recognize |and |from |base |pairings |with |nucleotides |at |designated |splice
|sites |which |then |allows |for |a |OH |group |to |attack |and |form |a |new |phosphodiester |bond
What |do |nuclear |pores |do? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-allow |nuclear |membrane |to |selectively |
move |molecules |in |and |out |of |nucleus
What |are |frameshift |mutations? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-One |or |two |base |pair |is |added |or |
deleted, |everything |shifts, |most |of |the |amino |acids |will |change.
what |happens |when |three |nucleotides |are |removed |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--no |change |in |
the |reading |frame |
-the |identity |of |the |protein |is |maintained
Proteins |are |synthesized |from |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-ribosomes
