Biology 1A03 Test 3 Questions With
Correct Answers
cell |division |in |prokaryotes |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-binary |fission, |also |reproduction, |identical |
genetic |material |distributed |among |daughter |cells. |DNA |replication |begins |when |DNA |is |
attached |by |proteins |to |the |inside |of |the |plasma |membrane. |as |chromosomes |replicate, |cells |
elongate |and |new |DNA |attaches |to |opposite |plasma |membrane, |cell |forms |new |cell |
membrane |and |cell |wall |and |splits |in |2
Eukaryotic |cell |division |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-allows |a |unicellular |fertilized |egg |to |become |a |
multi |cellular |organism
Stem |cells |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-unspecalized |cells |that |can |reproduce |indefinitely |and |
differentiate |into |specialized |cells. |In |adults, |stem |cells |can |only |replace |non-reproducing |
specialized |cells
Satellite |stem |cells |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-activated |when |muscle |tissue |is |damaged. |satellite
|stem |cell |activity |leads |to |proliferation |(differentiation |and |fusion |of |muscle |precursor |cells |
called |myoblasts) |which |become |committed |to |forming |mature |muscle |cells |(myofiber). |Once |
myofiber |is |formed, |it |can |no |longer |divide.
Eukaryotic |cell |cycle |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Interphase |(cells |prep |for |division), |S |phase |(DNA
|synthesis |occurs, |DNA |replication), |G1&G2 |phase |(G1 |prep |fro |synthesis, |G2 |prep |for |mitosis), |
M |phase |(where |mitosis |and |cytokinesis |occur), |G0 |phase |(is |somewhere |between |M |and |S |
phase, |pause |in |cell |growth |and |division). |Some |cells |can |enter |a |permanent |G0 |phase
Define |quiescent |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-a |period |of |no |cell |division
,What |are |the |5 |stages |of |mitosis? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-prophase, |prometaphase, |
metaphase, |anaphase, |telophase- |stages |are |based |on |chromosomal |changes
What |happens |prior |to |mitosis? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-chromosomes |must |be |duplicated |
and |condensed, |produce |sister |chromatids |that |will |eventually |separate |and |move |to |2 |
different |cells
Describe |prophase |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-chromosomes |condense, |centrosomes |radiate |
microtubules |and |migrate |to |opposite |poles
Describe |prometaphase |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-microtubules |of |the |mitotic |spindle |attach |to |
chromosomes, |because |the |nuclear |envelope |is |beginning |to |break |down
Describe |metaphase |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-chromosomes |align |in |the |center |of |the |cell |at |
the |metaphase |plate
Describe |anaphase |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-sister |chromatids |(which |become |individual |
chromosomes |when |the |centromere |splits) |separate |and |travel |to |opposite |poles
Describe |telophase |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-nuclear |envelope |reforms |and |chromosomes |
decondense
Describe |cytokinesis |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-division |of |the |parent |cell |into |2 |daughter |cells, |
division |of |the |cytoplasm |and |therefore |the |cell, |form |contractile |ring |which |displays |cleavage |
furrow
Tim |Hunt |and |mitosis |promoting |factor |from |G2 |to |M |phase |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Tim |hunt
|measured |protein |level |changes |of |dividing |sea |urchin |embryos. |added |radioactive |
methionine |to |eggs, |took |samples |every |10 |min |and |used |gel |electrophoresis |to |see |protein |
changes. |most |protein |bands |came |back |darker |each |time, |one |band |oscillated |intensity |with |
each |division- |named |the |protein |cyclin
, Cyclin |proteins |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-mitosis |promoting |factor |between |phases |G2 |and |M |
consists |of |cyclin |proteins |and |cyclin-dependent |kinases.
What |are |kinases? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Kinases |are |enzymes |that |activate |or |inactivate |
other |proteins |by |phosphorylating |key |amino |acids |on |the |target |protein
G1/S |cyclin-CDK |complex |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-transition |from |G1 |to |S |phase |and |preps |
DNA |for |replication
S-cyclin-CDK |complex |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-initiates |DNA |synthesis
M |cyclin-CDK |complex |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Initiates |process |of |mitosis
cell |cycle |checkpoints |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-G1, |G2, |M. |cell |surveillance |and |can |block |
cyclin |CDK
At |end |of |G2, |is |all |DNA |replicated? |
Before |S |phase, |is |DNA |damaged? |
Before |anaphase, |all |chromosomes |attached |to |spindles?
What |is |semiconservative |replication? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Proved |by |Meselson |and |Stahl. |
both |DNA |strands |are |completed |with |complimentary |pairs |leaving |each |daughter |cell |with |
one |parent |and |one |synthesized |strand
How |did |Meselson |and |Stahl |prove |semiconservative |replication? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-
Cultured |E.coli |in |a |medium |with |nucleotide |precursors |with |heavy |nitrogen |(15N). |It |was |
transferred |to |a |medium |containing |14N. |Collected |and |centrifuged |DNA |so |ones |with |15N |on |
bottom |(heavier) |and |14N |on |top. |There |was |a |band |of |DNA |that |was |a |mix |of |14N |and |15N, |
proves |semiconservative |replication
Correct Answers
cell |division |in |prokaryotes |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-binary |fission, |also |reproduction, |identical |
genetic |material |distributed |among |daughter |cells. |DNA |replication |begins |when |DNA |is |
attached |by |proteins |to |the |inside |of |the |plasma |membrane. |as |chromosomes |replicate, |cells |
elongate |and |new |DNA |attaches |to |opposite |plasma |membrane, |cell |forms |new |cell |
membrane |and |cell |wall |and |splits |in |2
Eukaryotic |cell |division |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-allows |a |unicellular |fertilized |egg |to |become |a |
multi |cellular |organism
Stem |cells |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-unspecalized |cells |that |can |reproduce |indefinitely |and |
differentiate |into |specialized |cells. |In |adults, |stem |cells |can |only |replace |non-reproducing |
specialized |cells
Satellite |stem |cells |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-activated |when |muscle |tissue |is |damaged. |satellite
|stem |cell |activity |leads |to |proliferation |(differentiation |and |fusion |of |muscle |precursor |cells |
called |myoblasts) |which |become |committed |to |forming |mature |muscle |cells |(myofiber). |Once |
myofiber |is |formed, |it |can |no |longer |divide.
Eukaryotic |cell |cycle |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Interphase |(cells |prep |for |division), |S |phase |(DNA
|synthesis |occurs, |DNA |replication), |G1&G2 |phase |(G1 |prep |fro |synthesis, |G2 |prep |for |mitosis), |
M |phase |(where |mitosis |and |cytokinesis |occur), |G0 |phase |(is |somewhere |between |M |and |S |
phase, |pause |in |cell |growth |and |division). |Some |cells |can |enter |a |permanent |G0 |phase
Define |quiescent |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-a |period |of |no |cell |division
,What |are |the |5 |stages |of |mitosis? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-prophase, |prometaphase, |
metaphase, |anaphase, |telophase- |stages |are |based |on |chromosomal |changes
What |happens |prior |to |mitosis? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-chromosomes |must |be |duplicated |
and |condensed, |produce |sister |chromatids |that |will |eventually |separate |and |move |to |2 |
different |cells
Describe |prophase |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-chromosomes |condense, |centrosomes |radiate |
microtubules |and |migrate |to |opposite |poles
Describe |prometaphase |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-microtubules |of |the |mitotic |spindle |attach |to |
chromosomes, |because |the |nuclear |envelope |is |beginning |to |break |down
Describe |metaphase |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-chromosomes |align |in |the |center |of |the |cell |at |
the |metaphase |plate
Describe |anaphase |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-sister |chromatids |(which |become |individual |
chromosomes |when |the |centromere |splits) |separate |and |travel |to |opposite |poles
Describe |telophase |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-nuclear |envelope |reforms |and |chromosomes |
decondense
Describe |cytokinesis |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-division |of |the |parent |cell |into |2 |daughter |cells, |
division |of |the |cytoplasm |and |therefore |the |cell, |form |contractile |ring |which |displays |cleavage |
furrow
Tim |Hunt |and |mitosis |promoting |factor |from |G2 |to |M |phase |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Tim |hunt
|measured |protein |level |changes |of |dividing |sea |urchin |embryos. |added |radioactive |
methionine |to |eggs, |took |samples |every |10 |min |and |used |gel |electrophoresis |to |see |protein |
changes. |most |protein |bands |came |back |darker |each |time, |one |band |oscillated |intensity |with |
each |division- |named |the |protein |cyclin
, Cyclin |proteins |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-mitosis |promoting |factor |between |phases |G2 |and |M |
consists |of |cyclin |proteins |and |cyclin-dependent |kinases.
What |are |kinases? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Kinases |are |enzymes |that |activate |or |inactivate |
other |proteins |by |phosphorylating |key |amino |acids |on |the |target |protein
G1/S |cyclin-CDK |complex |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-transition |from |G1 |to |S |phase |and |preps |
DNA |for |replication
S-cyclin-CDK |complex |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-initiates |DNA |synthesis
M |cyclin-CDK |complex |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Initiates |process |of |mitosis
cell |cycle |checkpoints |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-G1, |G2, |M. |cell |surveillance |and |can |block |
cyclin |CDK
At |end |of |G2, |is |all |DNA |replicated? |
Before |S |phase, |is |DNA |damaged? |
Before |anaphase, |all |chromosomes |attached |to |spindles?
What |is |semiconservative |replication? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Proved |by |Meselson |and |Stahl. |
both |DNA |strands |are |completed |with |complimentary |pairs |leaving |each |daughter |cell |with |
one |parent |and |one |synthesized |strand
How |did |Meselson |and |Stahl |prove |semiconservative |replication? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-
Cultured |E.coli |in |a |medium |with |nucleotide |precursors |with |heavy |nitrogen |(15N). |It |was |
transferred |to |a |medium |containing |14N. |Collected |and |centrifuged |DNA |so |ones |with |15N |on |
bottom |(heavier) |and |14N |on |top. |There |was |a |band |of |DNA |that |was |a |mix |of |14N |and |15N, |
proves |semiconservative |replication
