NBME29 mistakes- Questions and Answers 100% Solved
Flagellin
Conjugating unique polysaccharide
Flagellin is a highly conserved protein present on the surface of many bacterial cells
components from N. meningitidis to ___
that aids in motility and adhesion. While Neisseria meningitidis does not possess
would result in a more robust immune
flagellin, conjugating
response
polysaccharide components unique to N. meningitidis to flagellar components can
induce a robust and lasting immune response to these specific polysaccharides.
Patients with prolonged starvation or Increased availability of acetyl CoA
untreated type 1 diabetes mellitus
overproduce ketone bodies. Which of the Both starvation and untreated type 1 diabetes mellitus result in an increased rate of
following is a common factor that is fatty acid oxidation, which generates acetyl CoA to be used in the citric acid cycle
responsible for ketosis in patients with and NADH. Concomitant ketogenesis results in the formation of ketone bodies that
these two conditions? can be detected in serum and urine.
Afferent and efferent limb of gag reflex Glossopharyngeal and vagus
Cholestyramine prevents the reabsorption Upregulating hepatic LDL receptors
of bile acids from the lumen of the
intestine. This decreases serum cholesterol Cholestyramine is a bile acid resin
concentrations by which of the following
mechanisms?
Which of the following mechanisms most Competitive inhibition of estradiol binding to its receptor
likely explains the
beneficial effect of tamoxifen in patients
with ER+ breast cancer?
The pathogenesis of cutaneous and Drug-induced serum sickness
musculoskeletal in SLE symptoms is most
similar to that of which of the following Type III HSR
conditions?
The most common cause of secondary Paraesophageal hernia
gastric volvulus is:
, Rising from supine to standing results in ____ Decreased, decreased, decreased
venous return,___ carotid sinus
baroreceptor activity and___ cerebral
blood flow.
A 28-year-old woman undergoes PPD skin Macrophages
testing to determine previous infection with
Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Results show They are the predominant cell type found at the site of PPD exposure and in the
a 25-mm. firm area of induration at 48 lungs of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis
hours. Analysis of this patient's lesion is
most likely to show a predominance of NOT CD8 LYMPHOCYTES!!!!!!
which of the following cell types?
Tyrosine hydroxylase normally converts tyrosine to L-DOPA, the precursor to
dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. Tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency leads
Tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency clinical to decreased dopamine and consequent progressive dystonia.
picture and metabolic pathway implications
A decrease in dopamine leads to a decrease in dopamine degradation products,
such as homovanillic acid.
Fact: Chondroitin sulfate is a highly polar Ok
molecule with many negative charges.
Because of its polar nature, it has a strong
affinity with water. In solution, it is heavily
hydrated, which increases the overall
volume of the complex, in contrast to its
closer-packed form when it is a dehydrated
solid.
SGLT1
Low weight and lenght 3 month-old + SGLT-1 is the cotransporter that absorbs galactose
acidic stools positive for reducing and glucose through the intestinal enterocytes.
substances. Oral glucose does not increase Deficiency of this enzyme manifests in early
serum glucose. Following administration of infancy as watery, acidic diarrhea and severe
fructose, his stools become normal. A dehydration.
deficiency of what would explain this:
Fructose absorption iis unaffected as this utilizes
the GLUT-5 transporter instead
Conversion of arachidonic acid to cyclic
What step of the arachidonic acid pathway endoperoxides (prostaglandins)
is inhibited by NSAIDs
Enzyme B
Associated with Watery Diarrhea, Hypokalemia, Achlorhydria
Clinical picture of VIPoma and treatment
Treat with somatostatin analogs, such as octreotide, inhibit the release of VIP and
counteract its effects.
Indirect inguinal hernias are common in lateral, superior
children and are caused by failure of the
processus vaginalis to close after migration
of the testes into the scrotal sac. They exit
the abdominal cavity through the deep
inguinal ring___ to the inferior epigastric
vessels and____ to the inguinal ligament.
Flagellin
Conjugating unique polysaccharide
Flagellin is a highly conserved protein present on the surface of many bacterial cells
components from N. meningitidis to ___
that aids in motility and adhesion. While Neisseria meningitidis does not possess
would result in a more robust immune
flagellin, conjugating
response
polysaccharide components unique to N. meningitidis to flagellar components can
induce a robust and lasting immune response to these specific polysaccharides.
Patients with prolonged starvation or Increased availability of acetyl CoA
untreated type 1 diabetes mellitus
overproduce ketone bodies. Which of the Both starvation and untreated type 1 diabetes mellitus result in an increased rate of
following is a common factor that is fatty acid oxidation, which generates acetyl CoA to be used in the citric acid cycle
responsible for ketosis in patients with and NADH. Concomitant ketogenesis results in the formation of ketone bodies that
these two conditions? can be detected in serum and urine.
Afferent and efferent limb of gag reflex Glossopharyngeal and vagus
Cholestyramine prevents the reabsorption Upregulating hepatic LDL receptors
of bile acids from the lumen of the
intestine. This decreases serum cholesterol Cholestyramine is a bile acid resin
concentrations by which of the following
mechanisms?
Which of the following mechanisms most Competitive inhibition of estradiol binding to its receptor
likely explains the
beneficial effect of tamoxifen in patients
with ER+ breast cancer?
The pathogenesis of cutaneous and Drug-induced serum sickness
musculoskeletal in SLE symptoms is most
similar to that of which of the following Type III HSR
conditions?
The most common cause of secondary Paraesophageal hernia
gastric volvulus is:
, Rising from supine to standing results in ____ Decreased, decreased, decreased
venous return,___ carotid sinus
baroreceptor activity and___ cerebral
blood flow.
A 28-year-old woman undergoes PPD skin Macrophages
testing to determine previous infection with
Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Results show They are the predominant cell type found at the site of PPD exposure and in the
a 25-mm. firm area of induration at 48 lungs of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis
hours. Analysis of this patient's lesion is
most likely to show a predominance of NOT CD8 LYMPHOCYTES!!!!!!
which of the following cell types?
Tyrosine hydroxylase normally converts tyrosine to L-DOPA, the precursor to
dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. Tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency leads
Tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency clinical to decreased dopamine and consequent progressive dystonia.
picture and metabolic pathway implications
A decrease in dopamine leads to a decrease in dopamine degradation products,
such as homovanillic acid.
Fact: Chondroitin sulfate is a highly polar Ok
molecule with many negative charges.
Because of its polar nature, it has a strong
affinity with water. In solution, it is heavily
hydrated, which increases the overall
volume of the complex, in contrast to its
closer-packed form when it is a dehydrated
solid.
SGLT1
Low weight and lenght 3 month-old + SGLT-1 is the cotransporter that absorbs galactose
acidic stools positive for reducing and glucose through the intestinal enterocytes.
substances. Oral glucose does not increase Deficiency of this enzyme manifests in early
serum glucose. Following administration of infancy as watery, acidic diarrhea and severe
fructose, his stools become normal. A dehydration.
deficiency of what would explain this:
Fructose absorption iis unaffected as this utilizes
the GLUT-5 transporter instead
Conversion of arachidonic acid to cyclic
What step of the arachidonic acid pathway endoperoxides (prostaglandins)
is inhibited by NSAIDs
Enzyme B
Associated with Watery Diarrhea, Hypokalemia, Achlorhydria
Clinical picture of VIPoma and treatment
Treat with somatostatin analogs, such as octreotide, inhibit the release of VIP and
counteract its effects.
Indirect inguinal hernias are common in lateral, superior
children and are caused by failure of the
processus vaginalis to close after migration
of the testes into the scrotal sac. They exit
the abdominal cavity through the deep
inguinal ring___ to the inferior epigastric
vessels and____ to the inguinal ligament.
