BIOD 152 A&P II – Lab 7 PRACTICE EXAM
(2025)
Topic Focus (typical Lab 7): Urinary System &
Kidney Physiology
1. Which structure of the nephron is primarily responsible for filtration?
A. Proximal convoluted tubule
B. Distal convoluted tubule
C. Loop of Henle
D. Glomerulus
Rationale:
The glomerulus is a capillary network where blood pressure forces water and small solutes
into Bowman’s capsule, forming filtrate.
2. Which layer of the kidney contains the renal pyramids?
A. Renal cortex
B. Renal medulla
C. Renal pelvis
D. Renal sinus
Rationale:
The renal medulla houses the renal pyramids, which contain loops of Henle and collecting
ducts.
3. What substance should NOT normally be found in urine?
A. Urea
B. Creatinine
C. Glucose
D. Uric acid
Rationale:
Glucose is normally reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule. Its presence indicates
possible diabetes mellitus.
,4. Which hormone increases water reabsorption in the collecting ducts?
A. Aldosterone
B. Atrial natriuretic peptide
C. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
D. Renin
Rationale:
ADH increases aquaporin channels in the collecting ducts, allowing more water to be
reabsorbed into the bloodstream.
5. The functional unit of the kidney is the:
A. Renal pyramid
B. Renal corpuscle
C. Collecting duct
D. Nephron
Rationale:
The nephron performs filtration, reabsorption, and secretion—making it the kidney’s
functional unit.
6. Which vessel carries blood away from the glomerulus?
A. Renal vein
B. Renal artery
C. Efferent arteriole
D. Afferent arteriole
Rationale:
The efferent arteriole exits the glomerulus and maintains high pressure for filtration.
7. What is the correct order of urine flow?
A. Kidney → Urethra → Bladder → Ureter
B. Kidney → Bladder → Ureter → Urethra
C. Kidney → Ureter → Bladder → Urethra
D. Kidney → Urethra → Ureter → Bladder
, Rationale:
Urine flows from the kidneys through the ureters, is stored in the bladder, and exits via the
urethra.
8. Which process returns substances from filtrate back to the blood?
A. Filtration
B. Secretion
C. Excretion
D. Reabsorption
Rationale:
Reabsorption recovers water, ions, glucose, and amino acids from filtrate into the
bloodstream.
9. Which structure connects the kidney to the urinary bladder?
A. Urethra
B. Renal artery
C. Renal vein
D. Ureter
Rationale:
Each ureter transports urine from a kidney to the bladder.
10. The primary nitrogenous waste excreted in urine is:
A. Ammonia
B. Urea
C. Creatinine
D. Bilirubin
Rationale:
Urea is produced from protein metabolism in the liver and is the main waste removed by the
kidneys.
11. Which structure collects urine directly from the renal pyramids?
A. Minor calyx
B. Major calyx
(2025)
Topic Focus (typical Lab 7): Urinary System &
Kidney Physiology
1. Which structure of the nephron is primarily responsible for filtration?
A. Proximal convoluted tubule
B. Distal convoluted tubule
C. Loop of Henle
D. Glomerulus
Rationale:
The glomerulus is a capillary network where blood pressure forces water and small solutes
into Bowman’s capsule, forming filtrate.
2. Which layer of the kidney contains the renal pyramids?
A. Renal cortex
B. Renal medulla
C. Renal pelvis
D. Renal sinus
Rationale:
The renal medulla houses the renal pyramids, which contain loops of Henle and collecting
ducts.
3. What substance should NOT normally be found in urine?
A. Urea
B. Creatinine
C. Glucose
D. Uric acid
Rationale:
Glucose is normally reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule. Its presence indicates
possible diabetes mellitus.
,4. Which hormone increases water reabsorption in the collecting ducts?
A. Aldosterone
B. Atrial natriuretic peptide
C. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
D. Renin
Rationale:
ADH increases aquaporin channels in the collecting ducts, allowing more water to be
reabsorbed into the bloodstream.
5. The functional unit of the kidney is the:
A. Renal pyramid
B. Renal corpuscle
C. Collecting duct
D. Nephron
Rationale:
The nephron performs filtration, reabsorption, and secretion—making it the kidney’s
functional unit.
6. Which vessel carries blood away from the glomerulus?
A. Renal vein
B. Renal artery
C. Efferent arteriole
D. Afferent arteriole
Rationale:
The efferent arteriole exits the glomerulus and maintains high pressure for filtration.
7. What is the correct order of urine flow?
A. Kidney → Urethra → Bladder → Ureter
B. Kidney → Bladder → Ureter → Urethra
C. Kidney → Ureter → Bladder → Urethra
D. Kidney → Urethra → Ureter → Bladder
, Rationale:
Urine flows from the kidneys through the ureters, is stored in the bladder, and exits via the
urethra.
8. Which process returns substances from filtrate back to the blood?
A. Filtration
B. Secretion
C. Excretion
D. Reabsorption
Rationale:
Reabsorption recovers water, ions, glucose, and amino acids from filtrate into the
bloodstream.
9. Which structure connects the kidney to the urinary bladder?
A. Urethra
B. Renal artery
C. Renal vein
D. Ureter
Rationale:
Each ureter transports urine from a kidney to the bladder.
10. The primary nitrogenous waste excreted in urine is:
A. Ammonia
B. Urea
C. Creatinine
D. Bilirubin
Rationale:
Urea is produced from protein metabolism in the liver and is the main waste removed by the
kidneys.
11. Which structure collects urine directly from the renal pyramids?
A. Minor calyx
B. Major calyx
