Nurs 311 Exam 3 Exam UPDATED ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Functions of the musculoskeletal system - CORRECT ANSWER 1) provide support
2) protection of organs
3) mobility to carry out activities
4) RBC production
5) storage of minerals
Dysfunction of the musculoskeletal system that result in or from disease or disability. -
CORRECT ANSWER -osteoporosis
-osteopenia
-sarcopenia
-rheumatoid arthritis (autoimmune)
- osteoarthritis (from overuse)
Scoliosis - CORRECT ANSWER an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
Arthritis - CORRECT ANSWER painful inflammation and stiffness of the joints.
Bursa - CORRECT ANSWER a fibrous sac between certain tendons and bones that is
lined with a synovial membrane that secretes synovial fluid
Osteoporosis - CORRECT ANSWER A condition in which the body's bones become
weak and break easily.
Risk factors include:
Sex: being a woman
Lifestyle:
A diet low in calcium and vitamin D
Too little exercise
Smoking
Drinking too much alcohol
Heredity: a family history of osteoporosis
Age: the older you are, the greater your risk
Medical history:
Premature menopause
Prolonged use of certain medications
Certain diseases, such as diabetes and anorexia nervosa.
,Ankylosing spondylitis - CORRECT ANSWER a form of rheumatoid arthritis that
primarily causes inflammation of the joints between the vertebrae
Swan neck deformity - CORRECT ANSWER hyperextension of PIP joint and flexion
of DIP joint in RA
Boutonniere deformity - CORRECT ANSWER flexion of PIP joint and hyperextension
of DIP joint in RA
Ankylosis - CORRECT ANSWER the loss, or absence, of mobility in a joint due to
disease, injury, or a surgical procedure
Syndactyly - CORRECT ANSWER fusion of digits (webbing)
Polydactyly - CORRECT ANSWER extra fingers or toes
Bulge sign - CORRECT ANSWER a test for swelling in the suprapatellar pouch
Mcmurray Test - CORRECT ANSWER compression of the meniscus of the knee
combined with internal and external rotation while the patient is face-up to assess the
integrity of the meniscus
Developmental care (adult) regarding the musculoskeletal system. - CORRECT
ANSWER As people age, their joints are affected by changes in cartilage and in
connective tissue. The cartilage inside a joint becomes thinner, and components of the
cartilage (the proteoglycans—substances that help provide the cartilage's resilience) become
altered, which may make the joint less resilient and more susceptible to damage.
Thus, in some people, the surfaces of the joint do not slide as well over each other as they
used to. This process may lead to osteoarthritis. Additionally, joints become stiffer because
the connective tissue within ligaments and tendons becomes more rigid and brittle. This
change also limits the range of motion of joints.
The result of sarcopenia is a gradual loss of muscle mass and muscle strength.
Developmental care (aging) regarding the musculoskeletal system. - CORRECT
ANSWER Bone remodeling is cyclic process of resorption and deposition
Postural changes are evident with aging, and decreased height is most noticeable
Other postural changes are kyphosis, backward head tilt to compensate for kyphosis, and
slight flexion of hips and knees
Distribution of subcutaneous fat changes through life; contour different, even if weight is
same as when younger
,After age 40, resorption occurs more rapidly than depositionin eighties and nineties, fat
further decreases in periphery, especially noticeable in forearms and apparent over abdomen
and hips
Loss of subcutaneous fat leaves bony prominences more marked
Absolute loss in muscle mass occurs; some decrease in size, and some atrophy, producing
weakness
Contour of muscles becomes more prominent, and muscles and tendons feel more distinct
Lifestyle affects musculoskeletal changes
Developmental care (menopausal women) regarding the musculoskeletal system. -
CORRECT ANSWER Menopausal women have decreased estrogen, increasing risk of
osteoporosis.
Encourage more calcium consumption, increase physical activity, avoid falls, don't smoke,
talk to doctor, and take any approved medications to improve bone health.
Incorporate health promotion concepts when performing an assessment of the
musculoskeletal system - CORRECT ANSWER Promotes physical activity
Proper nutrition for joint health
Improved nutrition to reduce weight to avoid joint issues
Bursa - CORRECT ANSWER a fibrous sac between certain tendons and bones that is
lined with a synovial membrane that secretes synovial fluid
Structure and Function of MSK - CORRECT ANSWER Skeleton is bony framework
of body
Bone and cartilage are specialized forms of connective tissue
Bone is hard, rigid, and very dense
Joints, or articulations, are places of union of two or more bones
Musculoskeletal Components - CORRECT ANSWER Nonsynovial or synovial joints
Muscles
Temporomandibular joint
Spine
Shoulder
Elbow
Wrist and carpals
Hip
Knee
Ankle and foot
, Activities of daily living (adls) - CORRECT ANSWER personal daily care tasks,
including bathing, skin, nail, and hair care, walking, eating and drinking, mouth care,
dressing, transferring, communicating and toileting
Purpose of musculoskeletal examination - CORRECT ANSWER to assess function for
adls and to screen for abnormalities
Complete musculoskeletal exam - CORRECT ANSWER is appropriate for persons
with articular disease, history of musculoskeletal symptoms, or any problems with adls
Health History Questions: Joints I - CORRECT ANSWER History of arthritis, gout, or
injury.
In the joints: Pain stiffness, swelling (location, migratory nature), deformity, limitation of
motion, noise with joint motion?
In the muscles: Any muscle pain, cramps, weakness, gait problems, or problems with
coordinated activities?
In the skeletal: Any gait change, numbness, tingling, pain, skeletal deformity or contour
change, or post menopausal?
In the back: Any pain (location and radiation to extremities), stiffness, limitation of motion,
or history of back pain or disk disease?
Personal and Social History - CORRECT ANSWER Functional Assessment
Are there any occupational hazards that could affect muscles and joints?
Tell me about your exercise program
Have you had any recent weight gain?
Nutrition: Amount of calcium, vitamin D, calories, and protein
Are you taking any medications such as aspirin, anti-inflammatories, muscle relaxants, or
pain relievers?
Tobacco or Alcohol use
If person has chronic disability or crippling illness
Functional Assessment: adls - CORRECT ANSWER Do joint (muscle, bone) problems
create any limits on your usual adls? Which ones?
Bathing: Do you have trouble getting in and out of tub or using faucets?
Toileting: Do you have trouble urinating or moving bowels? Are you able to get on and off
toilet and to wipe yourself?
Dressing: Can you do buttons, zippers, fastening behind neck, pulling dress or sweater over
head, pulling up pants, tying shoes, and can you get shoes that fit?
Grooming—shaving, brushing teeth, brushing or fixing hair, applying makeup?
Eating—preparing meals, pouring liquids, cutting up foods, bringing food to mouth,
drinking?
Mobility—walking, walking up or down stairs, getting in/out of bed, getting out of house?
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Functions of the musculoskeletal system - CORRECT ANSWER 1) provide support
2) protection of organs
3) mobility to carry out activities
4) RBC production
5) storage of minerals
Dysfunction of the musculoskeletal system that result in or from disease or disability. -
CORRECT ANSWER -osteoporosis
-osteopenia
-sarcopenia
-rheumatoid arthritis (autoimmune)
- osteoarthritis (from overuse)
Scoliosis - CORRECT ANSWER an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
Arthritis - CORRECT ANSWER painful inflammation and stiffness of the joints.
Bursa - CORRECT ANSWER a fibrous sac between certain tendons and bones that is
lined with a synovial membrane that secretes synovial fluid
Osteoporosis - CORRECT ANSWER A condition in which the body's bones become
weak and break easily.
Risk factors include:
Sex: being a woman
Lifestyle:
A diet low in calcium and vitamin D
Too little exercise
Smoking
Drinking too much alcohol
Heredity: a family history of osteoporosis
Age: the older you are, the greater your risk
Medical history:
Premature menopause
Prolonged use of certain medications
Certain diseases, such as diabetes and anorexia nervosa.
,Ankylosing spondylitis - CORRECT ANSWER a form of rheumatoid arthritis that
primarily causes inflammation of the joints between the vertebrae
Swan neck deformity - CORRECT ANSWER hyperextension of PIP joint and flexion
of DIP joint in RA
Boutonniere deformity - CORRECT ANSWER flexion of PIP joint and hyperextension
of DIP joint in RA
Ankylosis - CORRECT ANSWER the loss, or absence, of mobility in a joint due to
disease, injury, or a surgical procedure
Syndactyly - CORRECT ANSWER fusion of digits (webbing)
Polydactyly - CORRECT ANSWER extra fingers or toes
Bulge sign - CORRECT ANSWER a test for swelling in the suprapatellar pouch
Mcmurray Test - CORRECT ANSWER compression of the meniscus of the knee
combined with internal and external rotation while the patient is face-up to assess the
integrity of the meniscus
Developmental care (adult) regarding the musculoskeletal system. - CORRECT
ANSWER As people age, their joints are affected by changes in cartilage and in
connective tissue. The cartilage inside a joint becomes thinner, and components of the
cartilage (the proteoglycans—substances that help provide the cartilage's resilience) become
altered, which may make the joint less resilient and more susceptible to damage.
Thus, in some people, the surfaces of the joint do not slide as well over each other as they
used to. This process may lead to osteoarthritis. Additionally, joints become stiffer because
the connective tissue within ligaments and tendons becomes more rigid and brittle. This
change also limits the range of motion of joints.
The result of sarcopenia is a gradual loss of muscle mass and muscle strength.
Developmental care (aging) regarding the musculoskeletal system. - CORRECT
ANSWER Bone remodeling is cyclic process of resorption and deposition
Postural changes are evident with aging, and decreased height is most noticeable
Other postural changes are kyphosis, backward head tilt to compensate for kyphosis, and
slight flexion of hips and knees
Distribution of subcutaneous fat changes through life; contour different, even if weight is
same as when younger
,After age 40, resorption occurs more rapidly than depositionin eighties and nineties, fat
further decreases in periphery, especially noticeable in forearms and apparent over abdomen
and hips
Loss of subcutaneous fat leaves bony prominences more marked
Absolute loss in muscle mass occurs; some decrease in size, and some atrophy, producing
weakness
Contour of muscles becomes more prominent, and muscles and tendons feel more distinct
Lifestyle affects musculoskeletal changes
Developmental care (menopausal women) regarding the musculoskeletal system. -
CORRECT ANSWER Menopausal women have decreased estrogen, increasing risk of
osteoporosis.
Encourage more calcium consumption, increase physical activity, avoid falls, don't smoke,
talk to doctor, and take any approved medications to improve bone health.
Incorporate health promotion concepts when performing an assessment of the
musculoskeletal system - CORRECT ANSWER Promotes physical activity
Proper nutrition for joint health
Improved nutrition to reduce weight to avoid joint issues
Bursa - CORRECT ANSWER a fibrous sac between certain tendons and bones that is
lined with a synovial membrane that secretes synovial fluid
Structure and Function of MSK - CORRECT ANSWER Skeleton is bony framework
of body
Bone and cartilage are specialized forms of connective tissue
Bone is hard, rigid, and very dense
Joints, or articulations, are places of union of two or more bones
Musculoskeletal Components - CORRECT ANSWER Nonsynovial or synovial joints
Muscles
Temporomandibular joint
Spine
Shoulder
Elbow
Wrist and carpals
Hip
Knee
Ankle and foot
, Activities of daily living (adls) - CORRECT ANSWER personal daily care tasks,
including bathing, skin, nail, and hair care, walking, eating and drinking, mouth care,
dressing, transferring, communicating and toileting
Purpose of musculoskeletal examination - CORRECT ANSWER to assess function for
adls and to screen for abnormalities
Complete musculoskeletal exam - CORRECT ANSWER is appropriate for persons
with articular disease, history of musculoskeletal symptoms, or any problems with adls
Health History Questions: Joints I - CORRECT ANSWER History of arthritis, gout, or
injury.
In the joints: Pain stiffness, swelling (location, migratory nature), deformity, limitation of
motion, noise with joint motion?
In the muscles: Any muscle pain, cramps, weakness, gait problems, or problems with
coordinated activities?
In the skeletal: Any gait change, numbness, tingling, pain, skeletal deformity or contour
change, or post menopausal?
In the back: Any pain (location and radiation to extremities), stiffness, limitation of motion,
or history of back pain or disk disease?
Personal and Social History - CORRECT ANSWER Functional Assessment
Are there any occupational hazards that could affect muscles and joints?
Tell me about your exercise program
Have you had any recent weight gain?
Nutrition: Amount of calcium, vitamin D, calories, and protein
Are you taking any medications such as aspirin, anti-inflammatories, muscle relaxants, or
pain relievers?
Tobacco or Alcohol use
If person has chronic disability or crippling illness
Functional Assessment: adls - CORRECT ANSWER Do joint (muscle, bone) problems
create any limits on your usual adls? Which ones?
Bathing: Do you have trouble getting in and out of tub or using faucets?
Toileting: Do you have trouble urinating or moving bowels? Are you able to get on and off
toilet and to wipe yourself?
Dressing: Can you do buttons, zippers, fastening behind neck, pulling dress or sweater over
head, pulling up pants, tying shoes, and can you get shoes that fit?
Grooming—shaving, brushing teeth, brushing or fixing hair, applying makeup?
Eating—preparing meals, pouring liquids, cutting up foods, bringing food to mouth,
drinking?
Mobility—walking, walking up or down stairs, getting in/out of bed, getting out of house?
