HESI Pharmacology Questions – Nightingale
College EXAM TEST QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWESR (VERIFIED ANSWERS) PLUS RATIONALES
2025/2026 Q&A |INSTANT DOWNLOAD PDF
1. Which of the following drugs is classified as a beta-blocker?
A. Lisinopril
B. Metoprolol
C. Furosemide
D. Nitroglycerin
*B. Metoprolol – Metoprolol selectively blocks beta-1 adrenergic receptors,
reducing heart rate and blood pressure.
2. A nurse is administering morphine to a patient. What is the most important
side effect to monitor?
A. Constipation
B. Respiratory depression
C. Nausea
D. Urinary retention
*B. Respiratory depression – Opioids like morphine can suppress the respiratory
center in the brain, which can be life-threatening.
3. Which of the following medications is used to treat type 2 diabetes?
A. Metformin
B. Warfarin
C. Albuterol
,D. Omeprazole
*A. Metformin – Metformin decreases hepatic glucose production and increases
insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues.
4. A patient is prescribed digoxin. Which electrolyte imbalance increases the risk
of digoxin toxicity?
A. Hypernatremia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hypercalcemia
D. Hypomagnesemia
*B. Hypokalemia – Low potassium levels enhance digoxin binding to the sodium-
potassium ATPase pump, increasing toxicity risk.
5. Which of the following medications is classified as a proton pump inhibitor
(PPI)?
A. Ranitidine
B. Omeprazole
C. Aluminum hydroxide
D. Sucralfate
*B. Omeprazole – PPIs inhibit the H+/K+ ATPase enzyme in gastric parietal cells,
reducing acid secretion.
6. What is the antidote for acetaminophen overdose?
A. Naloxone
B. Vitamin K
C. N-acetylcysteine
D. Atropine
*C. N-acetylcysteine – It replenishes glutathione in the liver to prevent
hepatotoxicity.
, 7. A patient is prescribed furosemide. Which electrolyte imbalance is most
likely?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hypercalcemia
D. Hypernatremia
*B. Hypokalemia – Furosemide is a loop diuretic that increases urinary potassium
excretion.
8. Which drug is commonly used as a short-acting bronchodilator for asthma?
A. Salmeterol
B. Albuterol
C. Montelukast
D. Fluticasone
*B. Albuterol – Albuterol is a beta-2 agonist that relaxes bronchial smooth muscle
quickly for acute asthma relief.
9. Which of the following is an example of an ACE inhibitor?
A. Losartan
B. Lisinopril
C. Amlodipine
D. Hydrochlorothiazide
*B. Lisinopril – ACE inhibitors block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin
II, lowering blood pressure.
10. A patient is prescribed warfarin. Which lab test should the nurse monitor?
A. PT/INR
B. aPTT
C. CBC
D. Electrolytes
College EXAM TEST QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWESR (VERIFIED ANSWERS) PLUS RATIONALES
2025/2026 Q&A |INSTANT DOWNLOAD PDF
1. Which of the following drugs is classified as a beta-blocker?
A. Lisinopril
B. Metoprolol
C. Furosemide
D. Nitroglycerin
*B. Metoprolol – Metoprolol selectively blocks beta-1 adrenergic receptors,
reducing heart rate and blood pressure.
2. A nurse is administering morphine to a patient. What is the most important
side effect to monitor?
A. Constipation
B. Respiratory depression
C. Nausea
D. Urinary retention
*B. Respiratory depression – Opioids like morphine can suppress the respiratory
center in the brain, which can be life-threatening.
3. Which of the following medications is used to treat type 2 diabetes?
A. Metformin
B. Warfarin
C. Albuterol
,D. Omeprazole
*A. Metformin – Metformin decreases hepatic glucose production and increases
insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues.
4. A patient is prescribed digoxin. Which electrolyte imbalance increases the risk
of digoxin toxicity?
A. Hypernatremia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hypercalcemia
D. Hypomagnesemia
*B. Hypokalemia – Low potassium levels enhance digoxin binding to the sodium-
potassium ATPase pump, increasing toxicity risk.
5. Which of the following medications is classified as a proton pump inhibitor
(PPI)?
A. Ranitidine
B. Omeprazole
C. Aluminum hydroxide
D. Sucralfate
*B. Omeprazole – PPIs inhibit the H+/K+ ATPase enzyme in gastric parietal cells,
reducing acid secretion.
6. What is the antidote for acetaminophen overdose?
A. Naloxone
B. Vitamin K
C. N-acetylcysteine
D. Atropine
*C. N-acetylcysteine – It replenishes glutathione in the liver to prevent
hepatotoxicity.
, 7. A patient is prescribed furosemide. Which electrolyte imbalance is most
likely?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hypercalcemia
D. Hypernatremia
*B. Hypokalemia – Furosemide is a loop diuretic that increases urinary potassium
excretion.
8. Which drug is commonly used as a short-acting bronchodilator for asthma?
A. Salmeterol
B. Albuterol
C. Montelukast
D. Fluticasone
*B. Albuterol – Albuterol is a beta-2 agonist that relaxes bronchial smooth muscle
quickly for acute asthma relief.
9. Which of the following is an example of an ACE inhibitor?
A. Losartan
B. Lisinopril
C. Amlodipine
D. Hydrochlorothiazide
*B. Lisinopril – ACE inhibitors block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin
II, lowering blood pressure.
10. A patient is prescribed warfarin. Which lab test should the nurse monitor?
A. PT/INR
B. aPTT
C. CBC
D. Electrolytes
