EAPS 106 EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE
Solar Nebula - Correct Answers -A disc of gas and dust surrounding all new stars
Why are new planets hot inside? - Correct Answers -lots of collisions and heat from
decaying radioactive elements
Rogue Planet - Correct Answers -planet that does not orbit a star
Why is does the Earth's interior have layers? - Correct Answers -differentiation which is
a process where elements separated because of their different densities
What are the Earth's layers? - Correct Answers -crust, mantle, outer core, inner core
Why is the inner core solid even though it is hotter than outer core? - Correct Answers -
Greater amount of pressure on inner core increases melting temp.
Lithosphere - Correct Answers -strong outer shell of Earth containing crust and upper
mantle
Asthenosphere - Correct Answers -mantle weakened by high temperatures, under
lithosphere, flows like liquid
Plate Tectonics - Correct Answers -theory explaining the structure of Earth's crust and
interactions between lithosphere and asthenosphere
Why doesn't the mantle beneath the asthenosphere flow easily - Correct Answers -
Higher pressures at that depth
Evidence for Continental Drift - Correct Answers -1. North and South America coasts fit
with Europe and AFrica
2. Identical volcanic rock on both sides of the Atlantic
3. Fossils of non-swimmers found on both sides of modern oceans
Why didnt scientists accept Wegener's continental drift theory? - Correct Answers -it
required a strong force but where did that force come from?
What is a magnetic reversal and how do we know it has reversed? - Correct Answers -
Magnetic crystals in volcanic rock act as compasses that show north and south because
magnetic poles often switch places
, Breakthrough observation leading to theory of plate tectonics - Correct Answers -
magnetic reversals showed age of ocean crust revealing spreading centers where new
rock form and old rock moved away
Mid-ocean ridges - Correct Answers -spreading centers where new ocean crust forms
age of oceanic and continental crust - Correct Answers -Ocean basins are less than 200
million years old, continents are more than 1 billion years old
Subduction zones and the processes they lead to - Correct Answers -where oceanic
plates dive back into Earth's interior giving rise to high mountains, deep trenches,
volcanoes, and the largest earthquakes
Transform plate boundary - Correct Answers -tectonic plates that slide past each other,
San Andreas fault
Passive margin - Correct Answers -location where supercontinents originally broke up,
between continental and oceanic crust but no relative motion and no active volcanoes
or earthquakes
Is Hawaii on a plate boundary? - Correct Answers -no
How are earthquakes triggered - Correct Answers -when slight stress increases push an
already high-stressed fault passed a threshold
Supercontinent - Correct Answers -collection of many continents
How did plate tectonics influence the evolution of whales and dolphins? - Correct
Answers -The Tethys Sea shallowed causing dolphins whales to evolve from land to
sea animals
Conduction - Correct Answers -heat transfer through solids through spread of vibrations
on atomic scale
Convection - Correct Answers -heat transfer through fluid motions of liquids, gases, and
solids that flow
Radiation - Correct Answers -heat transfer through electromagnetic waves through a
transparent medium
Can solids convect - Correct Answers -yes, if it flows like a fluid
What drives plate tectonics - Correct Answers -The flow of the mantle because of
convection
Solar Nebula - Correct Answers -A disc of gas and dust surrounding all new stars
Why are new planets hot inside? - Correct Answers -lots of collisions and heat from
decaying radioactive elements
Rogue Planet - Correct Answers -planet that does not orbit a star
Why is does the Earth's interior have layers? - Correct Answers -differentiation which is
a process where elements separated because of their different densities
What are the Earth's layers? - Correct Answers -crust, mantle, outer core, inner core
Why is the inner core solid even though it is hotter than outer core? - Correct Answers -
Greater amount of pressure on inner core increases melting temp.
Lithosphere - Correct Answers -strong outer shell of Earth containing crust and upper
mantle
Asthenosphere - Correct Answers -mantle weakened by high temperatures, under
lithosphere, flows like liquid
Plate Tectonics - Correct Answers -theory explaining the structure of Earth's crust and
interactions between lithosphere and asthenosphere
Why doesn't the mantle beneath the asthenosphere flow easily - Correct Answers -
Higher pressures at that depth
Evidence for Continental Drift - Correct Answers -1. North and South America coasts fit
with Europe and AFrica
2. Identical volcanic rock on both sides of the Atlantic
3. Fossils of non-swimmers found on both sides of modern oceans
Why didnt scientists accept Wegener's continental drift theory? - Correct Answers -it
required a strong force but where did that force come from?
What is a magnetic reversal and how do we know it has reversed? - Correct Answers -
Magnetic crystals in volcanic rock act as compasses that show north and south because
magnetic poles often switch places
, Breakthrough observation leading to theory of plate tectonics - Correct Answers -
magnetic reversals showed age of ocean crust revealing spreading centers where new
rock form and old rock moved away
Mid-ocean ridges - Correct Answers -spreading centers where new ocean crust forms
age of oceanic and continental crust - Correct Answers -Ocean basins are less than 200
million years old, continents are more than 1 billion years old
Subduction zones and the processes they lead to - Correct Answers -where oceanic
plates dive back into Earth's interior giving rise to high mountains, deep trenches,
volcanoes, and the largest earthquakes
Transform plate boundary - Correct Answers -tectonic plates that slide past each other,
San Andreas fault
Passive margin - Correct Answers -location where supercontinents originally broke up,
between continental and oceanic crust but no relative motion and no active volcanoes
or earthquakes
Is Hawaii on a plate boundary? - Correct Answers -no
How are earthquakes triggered - Correct Answers -when slight stress increases push an
already high-stressed fault passed a threshold
Supercontinent - Correct Answers -collection of many continents
How did plate tectonics influence the evolution of whales and dolphins? - Correct
Answers -The Tethys Sea shallowed causing dolphins whales to evolve from land to
sea animals
Conduction - Correct Answers -heat transfer through solids through spread of vibrations
on atomic scale
Convection - Correct Answers -heat transfer through fluid motions of liquids, gases, and
solids that flow
Radiation - Correct Answers -heat transfer through electromagnetic waves through a
transparent medium
Can solids convect - Correct Answers -yes, if it flows like a fluid
What drives plate tectonics - Correct Answers -The flow of the mantle because of
convection
