Revision - Memory
Coding
The way information is changed so it can be stored in the memory.
Baddeley (1966)
Immediate recall worse with acoustically dissimilar words.
Recall after 20 mins is worse with semantically dissimilar words.
Evaluation
Baddeley’s study didn’t use meaningful material.
Capacity
Capacity is the measure of how much can be held in memory.
Jacobs (1987)
Digit span; participants could repeat back 9.3 numbers and 7.3 letters.
Miller (1959)
Span on STM is 7+2, but can be improved with chunking.
STM’s Capacity - 7+2
LTM’s Capacity - Unlimited
Evaluation
, Jacobs study is outdated; Miller may have overestimated STM.
Duration
Duration is the measure of how long memory lasts before unavailability.
Peterson & Peterson (1959)
Students recalled about 80% of syllables correctly.
Average recall after 18 seconds fell to 3%.
Bahrick et al (1975)
Participants tested 48 years after graduation were 70% accurate in photo
recognition.
STM’s Duration - 18-30 seconds
LTM’s Duration - Unlimited
Evaluation
Peterson & Peterson’s was artificial.
Bahrick’s had high external validity.
The MSM of Memory
Sensory Register
Stimulus from environment passes into SR, along with other sights and
sounds.
This has 5 stores, one for each sense.
Coding
The way information is changed so it can be stored in the memory.
Baddeley (1966)
Immediate recall worse with acoustically dissimilar words.
Recall after 20 mins is worse with semantically dissimilar words.
Evaluation
Baddeley’s study didn’t use meaningful material.
Capacity
Capacity is the measure of how much can be held in memory.
Jacobs (1987)
Digit span; participants could repeat back 9.3 numbers and 7.3 letters.
Miller (1959)
Span on STM is 7+2, but can be improved with chunking.
STM’s Capacity - 7+2
LTM’s Capacity - Unlimited
Evaluation
, Jacobs study is outdated; Miller may have overestimated STM.
Duration
Duration is the measure of how long memory lasts before unavailability.
Peterson & Peterson (1959)
Students recalled about 80% of syllables correctly.
Average recall after 18 seconds fell to 3%.
Bahrick et al (1975)
Participants tested 48 years after graduation were 70% accurate in photo
recognition.
STM’s Duration - 18-30 seconds
LTM’s Duration - Unlimited
Evaluation
Peterson & Peterson’s was artificial.
Bahrick’s had high external validity.
The MSM of Memory
Sensory Register
Stimulus from environment passes into SR, along with other sights and
sounds.
This has 5 stores, one for each sense.
