DETAILED ANSWERS|LATEST
Acquired Brain Injury (ABI) - ANSWER injury that occurs after birth and includes
injuries caused by external physical forces and those caused by internal insults to the brain
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) - ANSWER Alternation to brain function caused by external
forces
What are the 4 types of acquired brain injury? - ANSWER 1. traumatic impact- open
2. traumatic impact- closed
3. traumatic inertial - DAI
4. non-traumatic injuries
coup-countercoup injury - ANSWER with a blow to the head, the initial contusion/
laceration will occur beneath point of impact (coup) and then occur on the contralateral to
the site of initial impact (countercoup)
Why is brain injury called the "silent epidemic"? - ANSWER Many deficits caused by
brain injury can be invisible (not immediately apparent)
What are primary injuries? - ANSWER the INITIAL damage to the brain as a result of a
traumatic event
examples:
-laceration
-contusion
1
,-torn blood vessels
-acceleration/deceleration (coup/contracoup)
-foreign object penetration
What are common secondary injuries? - ANSWER 1. hydrocephalus
2. edema
3. hypoxia intracranial hemorrhages
Mild LOC may last how long? - ANSWER brief of no LOC
Moderate LOC may last how long? - ANSWER LOC up to 24 hours
Severe LOC may last how long? - ANSWER LOC greater than 24 hours
List 5 risk factors for brain injury - ANSWER 1. Age (15-19, 20-24, 65+)
2. alcohol use
3. military action
4. domestic violence
5. prisons
6. sport-injury
Age Groups with Highest Rates of Brain Injury due to Falls - ANSWER (0-4 years old)
50% of all TBIs
(65+ years old) 61% of all TBIs
Age Group with Highest Rate of Death from TBI - ANSWER Adults 75+ years old
2
,Highest Rates of Death from TBI (all causes) - ANSWER Adults 75+ years old
Highest Rates of Death from TBI (Firearms) - ANSWER Adults 20-24 years old and
Adults 75+ years old
Percentage of Children with TBI from Physical Abuse - ANSWER 67% (0-3 years old)
Highest Rate of TBI from MVAs - ANSWER Adults 20-24 years old
Highest Rates of TBI Deaths from MVAs - ANSWER Teenagers 16-19 years old
Is the progression along the continuum of care linear? - ANSWER No, due to risk
factors, comorbidities, medical complications, treatment options, funding, etc.
Who establishes standards for rehabilitation facilities? - ANSWER Commission on
Accreditation of Rehabilitation Facilities (CARF)
Olmstead Decision - ANSWER Requires states to administer services, programs, and
activities, in the most integrated setting appropriate to the needs of individuals with
disabilities.
- increased opportunities for federal and state initiatives that make community living more
accessible
What agency funds the TBI Model Systems? - ANSWER US Dept of Health and Human
Services
Why is TBIMS data important? - ANSWER increases understanding of recovery and
outcomes of TBI via longitudinal studies
3
, What is meant by disease-causative and disease- alternative? - ANSWER Brain injuries
due not maintain a static state. TBI can both cause disease or accelerate disease down the
road. Chronic progressive conditions.
These 4 conditions cause individuals with brain injury to be at an increased risk of death (4
reasons) - ANSWER 1. seizures
2. pneumonia
3. respiratory problems
4. circulatory problems
Name 2 neurological conditions associated with brain injury - ANSWER 1. epilepsy
2. Alzheimer's - CTE
Name 3 neuro-endocrine disorders associated with brain injury - ANSWER 1. Growth
Hormone insufficiency
2. Hypothyroidism (low thyroid function)
3. Gonadotropin deficiency
P-A-D (meninges) - ANSWER 1. pia mater
2. arachnoid
3. dura mater
What are the 3 parts of a neuron? - ANSWER 1. cell body
2. axon
3. dendrites
What is the function of the blood brain barrier? - ANSWER Ensures that harmful
substances can not pass through the membrane and harm the brain
4
Acquired Brain Injury (ABI) - ANSWER injury that occurs after birth and includes
injuries caused by external physical forces and those caused by internal insults to the brain
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) - ANSWER Alternation to brain function caused by external
forces
What are the 4 types of acquired brain injury? - ANSWER 1. traumatic impact- open
2. traumatic impact- closed
3. traumatic inertial - DAI
4. non-traumatic injuries
coup-countercoup injury - ANSWER with a blow to the head, the initial contusion/
laceration will occur beneath point of impact (coup) and then occur on the contralateral to
the site of initial impact (countercoup)
Why is brain injury called the "silent epidemic"? - ANSWER Many deficits caused by
brain injury can be invisible (not immediately apparent)
What are primary injuries? - ANSWER the INITIAL damage to the brain as a result of a
traumatic event
examples:
-laceration
-contusion
1
,-torn blood vessels
-acceleration/deceleration (coup/contracoup)
-foreign object penetration
What are common secondary injuries? - ANSWER 1. hydrocephalus
2. edema
3. hypoxia intracranial hemorrhages
Mild LOC may last how long? - ANSWER brief of no LOC
Moderate LOC may last how long? - ANSWER LOC up to 24 hours
Severe LOC may last how long? - ANSWER LOC greater than 24 hours
List 5 risk factors for brain injury - ANSWER 1. Age (15-19, 20-24, 65+)
2. alcohol use
3. military action
4. domestic violence
5. prisons
6. sport-injury
Age Groups with Highest Rates of Brain Injury due to Falls - ANSWER (0-4 years old)
50% of all TBIs
(65+ years old) 61% of all TBIs
Age Group with Highest Rate of Death from TBI - ANSWER Adults 75+ years old
2
,Highest Rates of Death from TBI (all causes) - ANSWER Adults 75+ years old
Highest Rates of Death from TBI (Firearms) - ANSWER Adults 20-24 years old and
Adults 75+ years old
Percentage of Children with TBI from Physical Abuse - ANSWER 67% (0-3 years old)
Highest Rate of TBI from MVAs - ANSWER Adults 20-24 years old
Highest Rates of TBI Deaths from MVAs - ANSWER Teenagers 16-19 years old
Is the progression along the continuum of care linear? - ANSWER No, due to risk
factors, comorbidities, medical complications, treatment options, funding, etc.
Who establishes standards for rehabilitation facilities? - ANSWER Commission on
Accreditation of Rehabilitation Facilities (CARF)
Olmstead Decision - ANSWER Requires states to administer services, programs, and
activities, in the most integrated setting appropriate to the needs of individuals with
disabilities.
- increased opportunities for federal and state initiatives that make community living more
accessible
What agency funds the TBI Model Systems? - ANSWER US Dept of Health and Human
Services
Why is TBIMS data important? - ANSWER increases understanding of recovery and
outcomes of TBI via longitudinal studies
3
, What is meant by disease-causative and disease- alternative? - ANSWER Brain injuries
due not maintain a static state. TBI can both cause disease or accelerate disease down the
road. Chronic progressive conditions.
These 4 conditions cause individuals with brain injury to be at an increased risk of death (4
reasons) - ANSWER 1. seizures
2. pneumonia
3. respiratory problems
4. circulatory problems
Name 2 neurological conditions associated with brain injury - ANSWER 1. epilepsy
2. Alzheimer's - CTE
Name 3 neuro-endocrine disorders associated with brain injury - ANSWER 1. Growth
Hormone insufficiency
2. Hypothyroidism (low thyroid function)
3. Gonadotropin deficiency
P-A-D (meninges) - ANSWER 1. pia mater
2. arachnoid
3. dura mater
What are the 3 parts of a neuron? - ANSWER 1. cell body
2. axon
3. dendrites
What is the function of the blood brain barrier? - ANSWER Ensures that harmful
substances can not pass through the membrane and harm the brain
4
