MI - ANSWER Death of myocardium from sudden blockage of coronary artery blood
flow
What causes cell death in MI? - ANSWER unstable plaque breaks off, triggering
platelet aggregation, coagulation cascade and thrombus formation. continued no blood flow
in 10 seconds ischemia, 20 minutes cell die
What consequence of cell death leads to CP? - ANSWER hypoxia as cannot meet cell
demand for oxygen
How is MI diagnosed - ANSWER EKG (STEMI) or elevated Troponin (non-STEMI)
What might you find in blood consistent with MI? - ANSWER elevated CK MB,
Troponin
Where does CK MB and Troponin come from? - ANSWER Release of lysosomal
enzymes; CK MB detected after myocardial necrosis, Troponin released from damaged heart
muscle
3 mechanism of cell injury related to reperfussion injury - ANSWER ischemia, necrosis,
reperfussion l/t RAS
define reperfussion injury - ANSWER injury that occurs after oxygen is reintroduced to
tissue perfusion
1
, how does inflammatory process contribute to reperfussion injury? - ANSWER as
oxygen is reintroduced it comes in contact with damaged proteins triggering inflammatory
response
how does oxidative process contribute to RI? - ANSWER RAS causes impairment of cell
membrane and pro-apotptoic cells release. making cell unstable
what is primary Hypertension? - ANSWER Essential or idiopathic, elevated BP without
an identified cause, accounts for 90 - 95% of all cases of hypertension?
what is secondary hypertension? - ANSWER Elevated BP, labile BP; related to
conditions ie kidney dz; resistant to BP meds
what is significance of Ventricular hypertrophy and HTN? - ANSWER persistent
hypertension leads to ventricular hypertrophy; decrease CO
what comorbidities/conditions does HTN cause? - ANSWER stroke, ischemia, heart
failure, aneurysm, hemorrhage
what is preload? - ANSWER volume of blood in ventricles at end of diastole
what is afterload? - ANSWER peripheral resistance against which the left ventricle
must pump
hoe does HTN l/t CHF? - ANSWER overwork left ventricle due to increase pressure;
decreased pumping ability of heart and decreases CO.
identify pathological process of gangrene? - ANSWER form of coagulative necrosis;
interruption of blood flow l/t denaturing cells enzymes and bacterial invasion
2
flow
What causes cell death in MI? - ANSWER unstable plaque breaks off, triggering
platelet aggregation, coagulation cascade and thrombus formation. continued no blood flow
in 10 seconds ischemia, 20 minutes cell die
What consequence of cell death leads to CP? - ANSWER hypoxia as cannot meet cell
demand for oxygen
How is MI diagnosed - ANSWER EKG (STEMI) or elevated Troponin (non-STEMI)
What might you find in blood consistent with MI? - ANSWER elevated CK MB,
Troponin
Where does CK MB and Troponin come from? - ANSWER Release of lysosomal
enzymes; CK MB detected after myocardial necrosis, Troponin released from damaged heart
muscle
3 mechanism of cell injury related to reperfussion injury - ANSWER ischemia, necrosis,
reperfussion l/t RAS
define reperfussion injury - ANSWER injury that occurs after oxygen is reintroduced to
tissue perfusion
1
, how does inflammatory process contribute to reperfussion injury? - ANSWER as
oxygen is reintroduced it comes in contact with damaged proteins triggering inflammatory
response
how does oxidative process contribute to RI? - ANSWER RAS causes impairment of cell
membrane and pro-apotptoic cells release. making cell unstable
what is primary Hypertension? - ANSWER Essential or idiopathic, elevated BP without
an identified cause, accounts for 90 - 95% of all cases of hypertension?
what is secondary hypertension? - ANSWER Elevated BP, labile BP; related to
conditions ie kidney dz; resistant to BP meds
what is significance of Ventricular hypertrophy and HTN? - ANSWER persistent
hypertension leads to ventricular hypertrophy; decrease CO
what comorbidities/conditions does HTN cause? - ANSWER stroke, ischemia, heart
failure, aneurysm, hemorrhage
what is preload? - ANSWER volume of blood in ventricles at end of diastole
what is afterload? - ANSWER peripheral resistance against which the left ventricle
must pump
hoe does HTN l/t CHF? - ANSWER overwork left ventricle due to increase pressure;
decreased pumping ability of heart and decreases CO.
identify pathological process of gangrene? - ANSWER form of coagulative necrosis;
interruption of blood flow l/t denaturing cells enzymes and bacterial invasion
2
