N3134 Acute and Chronic Exam 2 – Questions With
Appropriate Solutions
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Terms in this set (39)
the inability of the heart to provide sufficient blood to
meet the O2 needs of tissues and organs
heart failure (HF)
Etiology:
-Hypertension
-CAD
The amount of blood pumped from the ventricles each
minute
Cardiac Output (CO)
-indicator of heart function and workload
-Normal CO is 4-8 L/min
results either from the inability of the left ventricle to (1)
Left sided heart failure empty adequately during systole or (2) fill adequately
during diastole.
loses its ability to generate enough pressure to eject
blood forward through the aorta. Over time, the LV
becomes dilate and hypertrophied.
-The weakened heart muscles cannot generate
systolic heart failure adequate stroke volume, which affects CO.
-Due to the LV not effectively pushing blood forward,
end diastolic volumes and pressures in the LV increase
-When the LV fails, blood backs up into the left atrium.
*Know blood flow of the heart*
inability of the ventricles to relax and fill during diastole
-Hypertension the most important causes of this type of
HF
Diastolic Heart Failure
-LV generally stiff and noncompliant
-thus, characterized by high-filling pressures due to stiff
ventricles
, occurs when the right ventricle (RV) fails to pump
effectively.
-When this happens, fluid backs up into the venous
system
right sided heart failure
-this causes movement of fluid into the tissues and
organs (i.e. peripheral edema, abdominal ascites,
heptamegaly, JVD)
-Most common cause: Left-sided HF
the sudden onset of signs and symptoms of HF,
requiring urgent medical care
-Universal Finding= pulmonary and systemic congestion
due to elevated left-sided and right-sided filling
pressures
-pulmonary venous pressure causes pulmonary edema
Clinical manifestations
-Tachypnea (greater than 30 breaths/minute)
-SHOB
-Low Sp02, High CO2
Acute Decompensated -Anxious, cyanotic
Heart Failure (ADHF) -Clammy, cold
-Orthopnea
-Accessory muscles
-Wheezing, rhonchi, crackles
-Coughing with blood-tinged sputum
Table 34-4, pg. 742
Interprofessional Care:
-continuous monitoring and assessment
-provide supplemental oxygen to help increase
percentage of O2 inspired air
-Give meds: Diuretics, vasodilators, morphine (reduces
preload and afterload, but USE cautiously
, a progressive worsening of ventricular function and
chronic neurohormonal activation that results in
ventricular remodeling
Clinical Manifestations
-Fatigue (earliest signs)
-Limitations of Activities
-Chest congestion/Cough
-Edema
-Weight changes
-Nocturia
-Shortness of breath
--Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
Diagnostics:
-Echocardiogram
Chronic Heart Failure (CHF)
-Electrocardiogram
-Lab studies (BNP levels that correlate positively with
the degree of LV failure)
-normal values are less than 100
Collaborative Care:
-supplemental oxygen
-Daily weight
-Sodium and fluid restriction
-Cardiac rehab
-ICD- internal cardioverter defibrillator
-Circulatory assist device
-Heart transplant
-STRESS a low-sodium diet
--as a nurse, you or a dietician should obtain a diet
history from the patient
Appropriate Solutions
Save
Terms in this set (39)
the inability of the heart to provide sufficient blood to
meet the O2 needs of tissues and organs
heart failure (HF)
Etiology:
-Hypertension
-CAD
The amount of blood pumped from the ventricles each
minute
Cardiac Output (CO)
-indicator of heart function and workload
-Normal CO is 4-8 L/min
results either from the inability of the left ventricle to (1)
Left sided heart failure empty adequately during systole or (2) fill adequately
during diastole.
loses its ability to generate enough pressure to eject
blood forward through the aorta. Over time, the LV
becomes dilate and hypertrophied.
-The weakened heart muscles cannot generate
systolic heart failure adequate stroke volume, which affects CO.
-Due to the LV not effectively pushing blood forward,
end diastolic volumes and pressures in the LV increase
-When the LV fails, blood backs up into the left atrium.
*Know blood flow of the heart*
inability of the ventricles to relax and fill during diastole
-Hypertension the most important causes of this type of
HF
Diastolic Heart Failure
-LV generally stiff and noncompliant
-thus, characterized by high-filling pressures due to stiff
ventricles
, occurs when the right ventricle (RV) fails to pump
effectively.
-When this happens, fluid backs up into the venous
system
right sided heart failure
-this causes movement of fluid into the tissues and
organs (i.e. peripheral edema, abdominal ascites,
heptamegaly, JVD)
-Most common cause: Left-sided HF
the sudden onset of signs and symptoms of HF,
requiring urgent medical care
-Universal Finding= pulmonary and systemic congestion
due to elevated left-sided and right-sided filling
pressures
-pulmonary venous pressure causes pulmonary edema
Clinical manifestations
-Tachypnea (greater than 30 breaths/minute)
-SHOB
-Low Sp02, High CO2
Acute Decompensated -Anxious, cyanotic
Heart Failure (ADHF) -Clammy, cold
-Orthopnea
-Accessory muscles
-Wheezing, rhonchi, crackles
-Coughing with blood-tinged sputum
Table 34-4, pg. 742
Interprofessional Care:
-continuous monitoring and assessment
-provide supplemental oxygen to help increase
percentage of O2 inspired air
-Give meds: Diuretics, vasodilators, morphine (reduces
preload and afterload, but USE cautiously
, a progressive worsening of ventricular function and
chronic neurohormonal activation that results in
ventricular remodeling
Clinical Manifestations
-Fatigue (earliest signs)
-Limitations of Activities
-Chest congestion/Cough
-Edema
-Weight changes
-Nocturia
-Shortness of breath
--Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
Diagnostics:
-Echocardiogram
Chronic Heart Failure (CHF)
-Electrocardiogram
-Lab studies (BNP levels that correlate positively with
the degree of LV failure)
-normal values are less than 100
Collaborative Care:
-supplemental oxygen
-Daily weight
-Sodium and fluid restriction
-Cardiac rehab
-ICD- internal cardioverter defibrillator
-Circulatory assist device
-Heart transplant
-STRESS a low-sodium diet
--as a nurse, you or a dietician should obtain a diet
history from the patient
