BIOL251 EXAM 4 (CHAPTER 16) QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS 2026 RATED A+
1. Gene expression-ANSWER- converting the information in DNA into functioning molecules
within the cell
2. Messenger RNA (mrna)-ANSWER- carry information from DNA to the site of protein synthesis
3. RNA polymerase-ANSWER- - synthesizes RNA- Uses a DNA strand as a template- Copies the
code by matching complementary nucleotides
4. Central dogma of molecular biology-ANSWER- - summarizes the flow of information in cells-
DNA codes for RNA, which codes for proteins- DNA ’ RNA ’ proteins
5. Transcription-ANSWER- - process of using a DNA template to make a complementary RNA-
Making a copy of information
6. Translation-ANSWER- - process of using the information in mrna to synthesize proteins-
Interprets nucleotide "language" to amino acids
7. Protein-ANSWER- active cell machinery
8. Genotype-ANSWER- determined by the sequence of bases in its DNA
9. Phenotype-ANSWER- product of the proteins it produces
10. Codon-ANSWER- group of three bases that specifies a particular amino acid
11. Triplet code-ANSWER- A three-base code
12. Genetic code-ANSWER- collection of codons of mrna, each of which directs the
incorporation of a particular amino
Acid into a protein during protein synthesis
13. Reading frame-ANSWER- The way a cell's mrna-translating machinery groups the mrna
nucleotides into codons
14. Start codon-ANSWER- - codon that signals to ribosomes to begin translation; codes for the
first amino acid in a protein- AUG
15. Stop codon-ANSWER- - codon that signals to ribosomes to stop translation- UGA, UAA, and
UAG
16. Point mutations-ANSWER- one or a small number of base changes
CORRECT ANSWERS 2026 RATED A+
1. Gene expression-ANSWER- converting the information in DNA into functioning molecules
within the cell
2. Messenger RNA (mrna)-ANSWER- carry information from DNA to the site of protein synthesis
3. RNA polymerase-ANSWER- - synthesizes RNA- Uses a DNA strand as a template- Copies the
code by matching complementary nucleotides
4. Central dogma of molecular biology-ANSWER- - summarizes the flow of information in cells-
DNA codes for RNA, which codes for proteins- DNA ’ RNA ’ proteins
5. Transcription-ANSWER- - process of using a DNA template to make a complementary RNA-
Making a copy of information
6. Translation-ANSWER- - process of using the information in mrna to synthesize proteins-
Interprets nucleotide "language" to amino acids
7. Protein-ANSWER- active cell machinery
8. Genotype-ANSWER- determined by the sequence of bases in its DNA
9. Phenotype-ANSWER- product of the proteins it produces
10. Codon-ANSWER- group of three bases that specifies a particular amino acid
11. Triplet code-ANSWER- A three-base code
12. Genetic code-ANSWER- collection of codons of mrna, each of which directs the
incorporation of a particular amino
Acid into a protein during protein synthesis
13. Reading frame-ANSWER- The way a cell's mrna-translating machinery groups the mrna
nucleotides into codons
14. Start codon-ANSWER- - codon that signals to ribosomes to begin translation; codes for the
first amino acid in a protein- AUG
15. Stop codon-ANSWER- - codon that signals to ribosomes to stop translation- UGA, UAA, and
UAG
16. Point mutations-ANSWER- one or a small number of base changes
