BIOL251 - EXAM #2 (CHAPTER 8) QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSERS 2026 RATED A+
1. ADP-ANSWER- - Hydrolysis bond between two outermost phosphate groups results in
formation of ADP and Pi (inorganic
phosphate, H2PO4−)
2. ATP-ANSWER- - energy currency for cells- provides fuel for most cellular activities
3. Why does ATP provide so much energy?-ANSWER- - ATP forms bonds between three
negatively charged
phosphate groups- Negative charges repel each other- High-energy bonds store a large amount
of potential energy
4. Redox Reactions-ANSWER- - chemical reactions involve electron transfer from e- donor to e-
acceptor- e- acceptor gain potential energy when reduced- Oxidation = electron loss, exergonic,
removes H- Reduction = electron gain, endergonic, adds H
5. Substrate-ANSWER- bind via hydrogen bonding or other interactions with amino acid residues
in the active site
6. Enzyme-ANSWER- - protein catalysts- Bring reactants together in precise orientations- Make
reactions more likely- Are specific for a single type of reaction
7. What factors impact enzyme activity?-ANSWER- - An enzyme's structure is critical to its
function- Temperature affects the folding and movement of the enzyme and its substrates- pH
affects the enzyme's shape and reactivity- Each enzyme has optimal temperature and pH
8. Factors which would impact reaction rates-ANSWER- - kinetic energy of the reactants-
activation energy of particular reaction (the free energy of the transition state)
9. Active Site-ANSWER- where substrates bind to enzymes
10. Cofactors-ANSWER- inorganic ions (Zn2+, Mg2+, and Fe2+) that reversibly interact with
enzymes
11. Coenzymes-ANSWER- organic molecules (NADH or FADH2) that interact with enzymes
12. Prosthetic group-ANSWER- non-amino acid atoms or molecules that are permanently
attached to proteins
13. Transition State-ANSWER- Unstable intermediate condition
CORRECT ANSERS 2026 RATED A+
1. ADP-ANSWER- - Hydrolysis bond between two outermost phosphate groups results in
formation of ADP and Pi (inorganic
phosphate, H2PO4−)
2. ATP-ANSWER- - energy currency for cells- provides fuel for most cellular activities
3. Why does ATP provide so much energy?-ANSWER- - ATP forms bonds between three
negatively charged
phosphate groups- Negative charges repel each other- High-energy bonds store a large amount
of potential energy
4. Redox Reactions-ANSWER- - chemical reactions involve electron transfer from e- donor to e-
acceptor- e- acceptor gain potential energy when reduced- Oxidation = electron loss, exergonic,
removes H- Reduction = electron gain, endergonic, adds H
5. Substrate-ANSWER- bind via hydrogen bonding or other interactions with amino acid residues
in the active site
6. Enzyme-ANSWER- - protein catalysts- Bring reactants together in precise orientations- Make
reactions more likely- Are specific for a single type of reaction
7. What factors impact enzyme activity?-ANSWER- - An enzyme's structure is critical to its
function- Temperature affects the folding and movement of the enzyme and its substrates- pH
affects the enzyme's shape and reactivity- Each enzyme has optimal temperature and pH
8. Factors which would impact reaction rates-ANSWER- - kinetic energy of the reactants-
activation energy of particular reaction (the free energy of the transition state)
9. Active Site-ANSWER- where substrates bind to enzymes
10. Cofactors-ANSWER- inorganic ions (Zn2+, Mg2+, and Fe2+) that reversibly interact with
enzymes
11. Coenzymes-ANSWER- organic molecules (NADH or FADH2) that interact with enzymes
12. Prosthetic group-ANSWER- non-amino acid atoms or molecules that are permanently
attached to proteins
13. Transition State-ANSWER- Unstable intermediate condition
