NURS 6665-01 WEEK 11 FINAL EXAM
COMPREHENSIVE EXAM 2026
◉ Nurses Role in prevention of cancer and cancer related deaths.
Answer: Educate on cancer risk factors (smoking)
Help increase rates on cancer screenings (colonoscopy)
Help pts. comply with their cancer regimens
Support pts. and their families as they cope with the effects of cancer
and tx
◉ What to avoid and do to help prevent cancer. Answer: -Reduce
exposure to known or suspected carcinogens and cancer-promoting
agents (cigarettes, tanning beds, sun exposure)
-Reduce dietary fat and preservatives (smoked or salt-cured meats
containing high nitrate concentrations)
-Limit ETOH intake
-Participate in regular exercise
-Maintain a healthy weight
-6-8 hours of rest per night
-Eliminate stressors and cope with them effectively
-Have a regular physical exam
-Have the recommended cancer screenings
,-Self-examinations
-Know the seven warning signs on cancer
-Seek immediate medical care if a change is noticed
-Wear proper clothing (gown, flows, respirator) when working with
chemicals
◉ Common side effects of chemotherapy and radiation therapy.
Answer: Allopecia
Bone Marrow Suppression
N/V
Extreme fatigue (blood clots due to sedentary)
Possible extravasation
Diarrhea or constipation
Skin Rashes
Long term damage to kidneys, liver, and lungs
Radiation damage to skin
At risk for infection
Low platelet and WBC (at risk for bleeding)
◉ Tx options to prevent complications from chemo and radiation.
Answer: Prophylactic antiemetics
Anti-diarrheals, stool softeners, iron supplement
,Discuss hair loss
Establish a time to take a daily walk-want to conserve energy
Infection prevention
Include pt. in diet planning
Eat small, frequent meals
Good oral hygiene (examine for sores in mouth)
Proper hand hygiene
Protect skin from the sun
Avoid swimming pools
Soft bristle toothbrush
◉ Diet Modifications for Chemo. Answer: Soft, bland, moist foods
High-protein, high-calorie
Small frequent meals
No strong smells
Avoid irritating foods (spicy, acidic, hot/cold)
Low-residue/fiber for diarrhea
High-fiber for constipation
Nutrition supplements
drink 3L of fluid a day
Eat/drink when not nauseated
No veggies from the ground
, ◉ PET Scan. Answer: used to identify abnormal cellular activity
can give an accurate staging of cancer
Pt. is injected w/ radioactive dye
Dye goes to areas with higher levels of activity (cancer cells) and
shows as a brighter color on the scan
◉ Biopsy. Answer: Removal of tissue sample for pathologic analysis
•Endoscopic—lung, colon, bladder
•Surgical—tumor hard to reach—laparotomy, thoracotomy,
craniotomy
•Fine needle aspiration— cells to examine
•Large core biopsy—larger piece of tissue
•Excisional biopsy—removal entire lesion, lymph node, nodule, etc.
◉ Platelet count. Answer: What lab value is important to know prior
to cancer tx
◉ carcinoma in situ. Answer: cancer in the early stage before
invading surrounding tissue
abnormal cells, not cancer
COMPREHENSIVE EXAM 2026
◉ Nurses Role in prevention of cancer and cancer related deaths.
Answer: Educate on cancer risk factors (smoking)
Help increase rates on cancer screenings (colonoscopy)
Help pts. comply with their cancer regimens
Support pts. and their families as they cope with the effects of cancer
and tx
◉ What to avoid and do to help prevent cancer. Answer: -Reduce
exposure to known or suspected carcinogens and cancer-promoting
agents (cigarettes, tanning beds, sun exposure)
-Reduce dietary fat and preservatives (smoked or salt-cured meats
containing high nitrate concentrations)
-Limit ETOH intake
-Participate in regular exercise
-Maintain a healthy weight
-6-8 hours of rest per night
-Eliminate stressors and cope with them effectively
-Have a regular physical exam
-Have the recommended cancer screenings
,-Self-examinations
-Know the seven warning signs on cancer
-Seek immediate medical care if a change is noticed
-Wear proper clothing (gown, flows, respirator) when working with
chemicals
◉ Common side effects of chemotherapy and radiation therapy.
Answer: Allopecia
Bone Marrow Suppression
N/V
Extreme fatigue (blood clots due to sedentary)
Possible extravasation
Diarrhea or constipation
Skin Rashes
Long term damage to kidneys, liver, and lungs
Radiation damage to skin
At risk for infection
Low platelet and WBC (at risk for bleeding)
◉ Tx options to prevent complications from chemo and radiation.
Answer: Prophylactic antiemetics
Anti-diarrheals, stool softeners, iron supplement
,Discuss hair loss
Establish a time to take a daily walk-want to conserve energy
Infection prevention
Include pt. in diet planning
Eat small, frequent meals
Good oral hygiene (examine for sores in mouth)
Proper hand hygiene
Protect skin from the sun
Avoid swimming pools
Soft bristle toothbrush
◉ Diet Modifications for Chemo. Answer: Soft, bland, moist foods
High-protein, high-calorie
Small frequent meals
No strong smells
Avoid irritating foods (spicy, acidic, hot/cold)
Low-residue/fiber for diarrhea
High-fiber for constipation
Nutrition supplements
drink 3L of fluid a day
Eat/drink when not nauseated
No veggies from the ground
, ◉ PET Scan. Answer: used to identify abnormal cellular activity
can give an accurate staging of cancer
Pt. is injected w/ radioactive dye
Dye goes to areas with higher levels of activity (cancer cells) and
shows as a brighter color on the scan
◉ Biopsy. Answer: Removal of tissue sample for pathologic analysis
•Endoscopic—lung, colon, bladder
•Surgical—tumor hard to reach—laparotomy, thoracotomy,
craniotomy
•Fine needle aspiration— cells to examine
•Large core biopsy—larger piece of tissue
•Excisional biopsy—removal entire lesion, lymph node, nodule, etc.
◉ Platelet count. Answer: What lab value is important to know prior
to cancer tx
◉ carcinoma in situ. Answer: cancer in the early stage before
invading surrounding tissue
abnormal cells, not cancer
