NR507 Advanced Pathophysiology MidTerm
Hypersensitivity:pmTypepm1pm-
pmcorrectpmanswer Typepm1:pmAllergicpmreaction,pmMediatedpmbypmIgE,pmInflammationpmduepmt
opmmastpmcellpmdegranulation
Localpmsymptoms:pm
-itching
-rash
Systemicpmsymptoms:pm
-wheezing
Mostpmdangerouspm=pmanaphylacticpmreaction
systemicpmresponsepmofpmhypotension,pmseverepmbronchoconstriction
Mainpmtreatment:pmepinephrinepmreversespmthepmeffects
Hypersensitivity:pmTypepm2pm-
pm correctpmanswer Typepm2:pmCytotoxicpmreaction;pmtissuepmspecificpm(ex:pmthyroidpmtissue)
Macrophagespmarepmthepmprimarypmeffectorspmcellspminvolved
Canpmcausepmtissuepmdamagepmorpmalterpmfunction
Grave'spmdiseasepm(hyperthyroidism)pm-
pmexamplepmofpmalteringpmthyroidpmfunction,pmbutpmdoespmnotpmdestroypmthyroidpmtissue
Incompatiblepmbloodpmtype-
pmexamplepmofpmcell/tissuepmdamagepmthatpmoccurs;pmseverepmtransfusionpmreactionpmoccurspman
dpmthepmtransfusedpmerythrocytespmarepmdestroyedpmbypmagglutinationpmorpmcomplement-
mediatedpmlysis.
,Typepm1pmHypersensitivitypmVS.pmTypepm2pmHypersensitivitypm-
pm correctpmanswer Typepm1pmHypersensitivity
OrganpmSpecific
Antibodypmbindspmtopmthepmantigenpmonpmthepmcellpmsurface
Typepm2pmHypersensitivity
NotpmOrganpmSpecific
Antibodypmbindspmtopmthepmsolublepmantigenpmoutsidepmthepmcellpmsurfacepmthatpmwaspmreleased
pmintopmthepmbloodpmorpmbodypmfluids,pmandpmthepmcomplexpmispmthenpmdepositedpminpmthepmtiss
ues
Hypersensitivity:pmTypepm3pm-pmExamplespm-
pmcorrectpmanswer Rheumatoidpmarthritis:pmAntigen/antibodiespmarepmdepositedpminpmthepmjoi
nts
SystemicpmLupuspmErythematosuspm(SLE)-pmverypmcloselypmrelatedpmtopmautoimmunity-
pmantigen/antibodiespmdepositpminpmorganspmthatpmcausepmtissuepmdamage
Hypersensitivity:pmTypepm4pm-pmcorrectpmanswer Delayedpmresponse
Doespmnotpminvolvepmantigen/antibodypmcomplexespmlikepmTypespm1,pm2pmandpm3
IspmT-cellpmmediated
DifferentiatingpmBetweenpmthepmRashpmofpmapmTypepm1pmvs.pmTypepm4pmReaction:pm-
correctpmanswer Typepm1:pmImmediatepmhypersensitivitypmreactions,pmtermedpmatopicpmder
pm
matitis,pmarepmusuallypmcharacterizedpmbypmwidelypmdistributedpmlesions
, Typepm4:pmContactpmdermatitispm(delayedpmhypersensitivity)pmconsistspmofpmlesionspmonlypmatpmth
epmsitepmofpmcontactpmwithpmthepmallergen
Thepmkeypmdeterminantpmispmthepmtimingpmofpmthepmrash:pm
-Typepm1pm=pmImmediatepm
-Typepm4pm=pmDelayed:pmSeveralpmdayspmfollowingpmcontact,pmexpmwouldpmbepmpoisonpmivy
TreatmentpmofpmTypepm4pmRashpm-pmcorrectpmanswer Apmnon-
severepmcasepmofpmcontactpmdermatitispmwouldpmbepmtreatedpmwithpmtopicalpmcorticosteroid.pm
Whypmnotpmepinephrinepmorpmantihistamines?pm
-
EpinephrinepmispmforpmemergentpmTypepm1pmanaphylacticpmreactions.pmAntihistaminespmactpmonpm
thepmH1pmreceptors.pmTypepm4pmdoespmnotpminvolvepmmastpmcellspmandpmH1pmreceptors.pm
Antibioticspmnotpmappropriatepmsincepmnotpmanpminfection
Autoimmunitypm-
pmcorrectpmanswer Autoimmunepmdiseasepmcanpmbepmfamilial,pmAffectedpmfamilypmmemberspm
maypmnotpmallpmdeveloppmthepmsamepmdisease,pmbutpmseveralpmmemberspmmaypmhavepmdifferentp
mdisorderspmcharacterizedpmbypmapmvarietypmofpmhypersensitivitypmreactions,pmThesepmincludepma
utoimmunepmandpmallergicpmreactions
Associationspmwithpmparticularpmautoimmunepmdiseasespmhavepmbeenpmidentifiedpmforpmapmvariet
ypmofpmmajorpmhistocompatibilitypmcomplexpm(MHC)pmallelespmorpmnon-MHCpmgenes
Alloimmunitypm-
pmcorrectpmanswer Generalpmtermpmusedpmtopmdescribepmwhenpmanpmindividual'spmimmunepms
ystempmreactspmagainstpmantigenspmonpmthepmtissuespmofpmotherpmmemberspmofpmthepmsamepmsp
ecies.pm
Hypersensitivity:pmTypepm1pm-
pmcorrectpmanswer Typepm1:pmAllergicpmreaction,pmMediatedpmbypmIgE,pmInflammationpmduepmt
opmmastpmcellpmdegranulation
Localpmsymptoms:pm
-itching
-rash
Systemicpmsymptoms:pm
-wheezing
Mostpmdangerouspm=pmanaphylacticpmreaction
systemicpmresponsepmofpmhypotension,pmseverepmbronchoconstriction
Mainpmtreatment:pmepinephrinepmreversespmthepmeffects
Hypersensitivity:pmTypepm2pm-
pm correctpmanswer Typepm2:pmCytotoxicpmreaction;pmtissuepmspecificpm(ex:pmthyroidpmtissue)
Macrophagespmarepmthepmprimarypmeffectorspmcellspminvolved
Canpmcausepmtissuepmdamagepmorpmalterpmfunction
Grave'spmdiseasepm(hyperthyroidism)pm-
pmexamplepmofpmalteringpmthyroidpmfunction,pmbutpmdoespmnotpmdestroypmthyroidpmtissue
Incompatiblepmbloodpmtype-
pmexamplepmofpmcell/tissuepmdamagepmthatpmoccurs;pmseverepmtransfusionpmreactionpmoccurspman
dpmthepmtransfusedpmerythrocytespmarepmdestroyedpmbypmagglutinationpmorpmcomplement-
mediatedpmlysis.
,Typepm1pmHypersensitivitypmVS.pmTypepm2pmHypersensitivitypm-
pm correctpmanswer Typepm1pmHypersensitivity
OrganpmSpecific
Antibodypmbindspmtopmthepmantigenpmonpmthepmcellpmsurface
Typepm2pmHypersensitivity
NotpmOrganpmSpecific
Antibodypmbindspmtopmthepmsolublepmantigenpmoutsidepmthepmcellpmsurfacepmthatpmwaspmreleased
pmintopmthepmbloodpmorpmbodypmfluids,pmandpmthepmcomplexpmispmthenpmdepositedpminpmthepmtiss
ues
Hypersensitivity:pmTypepm3pm-pmExamplespm-
pmcorrectpmanswer Rheumatoidpmarthritis:pmAntigen/antibodiespmarepmdepositedpminpmthepmjoi
nts
SystemicpmLupuspmErythematosuspm(SLE)-pmverypmcloselypmrelatedpmtopmautoimmunity-
pmantigen/antibodiespmdepositpminpmorganspmthatpmcausepmtissuepmdamage
Hypersensitivity:pmTypepm4pm-pmcorrectpmanswer Delayedpmresponse
Doespmnotpminvolvepmantigen/antibodypmcomplexespmlikepmTypespm1,pm2pmandpm3
IspmT-cellpmmediated
DifferentiatingpmBetweenpmthepmRashpmofpmapmTypepm1pmvs.pmTypepm4pmReaction:pm-
correctpmanswer Typepm1:pmImmediatepmhypersensitivitypmreactions,pmtermedpmatopicpmder
pm
matitis,pmarepmusuallypmcharacterizedpmbypmwidelypmdistributedpmlesions
, Typepm4:pmContactpmdermatitispm(delayedpmhypersensitivity)pmconsistspmofpmlesionspmonlypmatpmth
epmsitepmofpmcontactpmwithpmthepmallergen
Thepmkeypmdeterminantpmispmthepmtimingpmofpmthepmrash:pm
-Typepm1pm=pmImmediatepm
-Typepm4pm=pmDelayed:pmSeveralpmdayspmfollowingpmcontact,pmexpmwouldpmbepmpoisonpmivy
TreatmentpmofpmTypepm4pmRashpm-pmcorrectpmanswer Apmnon-
severepmcasepmofpmcontactpmdermatitispmwouldpmbepmtreatedpmwithpmtopicalpmcorticosteroid.pm
Whypmnotpmepinephrinepmorpmantihistamines?pm
-
EpinephrinepmispmforpmemergentpmTypepm1pmanaphylacticpmreactions.pmAntihistaminespmactpmonpm
thepmH1pmreceptors.pmTypepm4pmdoespmnotpminvolvepmmastpmcellspmandpmH1pmreceptors.pm
Antibioticspmnotpmappropriatepmsincepmnotpmanpminfection
Autoimmunitypm-
pmcorrectpmanswer Autoimmunepmdiseasepmcanpmbepmfamilial,pmAffectedpmfamilypmmemberspm
maypmnotpmallpmdeveloppmthepmsamepmdisease,pmbutpmseveralpmmemberspmmaypmhavepmdifferentp
mdisorderspmcharacterizedpmbypmapmvarietypmofpmhypersensitivitypmreactions,pmThesepmincludepma
utoimmunepmandpmallergicpmreactions
Associationspmwithpmparticularpmautoimmunepmdiseasespmhavepmbeenpmidentifiedpmforpmapmvariet
ypmofpmmajorpmhistocompatibilitypmcomplexpm(MHC)pmallelespmorpmnon-MHCpmgenes
Alloimmunitypm-
pmcorrectpmanswer Generalpmtermpmusedpmtopmdescribepmwhenpmanpmindividual'spmimmunepms
ystempmreactspmagainstpmantigenspmonpmthepmtissuespmofpmotherpmmemberspmofpmthepmsamepmsp
ecies.pm
