COKO Exam Questions and Answers Gade A+
What muscles make up the Rotator Cuff Complex? - Answer-"SITS" Supraspinatus,
Infraspinatus, Teres Minor, Subscapularis
Stretch or partial damage of the ligaments, no displacement, and pain with
abduction past 90 degrees. - Answer-What are the signs and symptoms of 1st
degree AC ( Acromion clavicular) Joint Sprain?
What are the signs and symptoms of 2nd degree AC Joint Sprain? - Answer-
Rupture of ligaments, clavicle shifted superiorly, and pain with compression of the
clavicle and pain with passive horizontal adduction (When the arm is abducted
90degrees and the bringing it in medially).
What are the signs and symptoms of 3rd degree AC Joint Sprain? - Answer-
Rupture of many ligaments, very painful
Explain the mechanisms of injury and signs/symptoms of Medial Epicondylitis -
Answer-Medial Epicondylitis (Also known as golfer's elbow) is a chronic injury that
occurs from overuse of the forearm flexors (Gripping). This is seen as repeated
valgus stress to the elbow joint.
Symptoms: May be pain at the site and swelling and bruising.
Explain the mechanisms of injury and signs/symptoms of Lateral Epicondylitis -
Answer-Lateral Epicondylitis (also known as tennis elbow) is a chronic injury that
occurs from overuse of forearm extensors (gripping).
This is seen as repeated varus stress to the elbow joint.
Symptoms: May be pain at the site and swelling and bruising.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome - Answer-A condition caused by compression of the
median nerve in the carpal tunnel and characterized especially by weakness, pain,
and disturbances of sensation in the hand and fingers.
Usually done by repetitive overuse or direct trauma.
Symptoms:
,Pain at night, relief with shaking hand.
Pain on the palmar side.
Grip & Pinch limited
May worsen when the wrist is fully extended of flexed with gripping.
What are the cardinal signs of inflammation? - Answer-Redness, Heat, Swelling,
Pain, and Loss of Function
What sort of diet may aid in pain reduction? - Answer-A ketogenic diet has anti-
inflammatory properties, thus decreases inflammation and reduces pain.
Which two joints make up the knee joint? - Answer-Tibiofemoral Joint &
Patellofemoral Joint
Tommy comes into the clinic with a swollen knee and can't extend or flex his knee.
He is unable to weight bear or walk. He explains this happened when he was
changing direction in soccer. What do these clinical symptoms most likely
represent? - Answer-ACL Tear
Christina comes into your clinic and complains that while she was playing
volleyball she hurt her knee while it was flexed she complains of "knee
clicking/locking" and you notice she has limited ROM and has tenderness in the
knee joint line. What do these clinical symptoms most likely represent? - Answer-
Meniscal Tear
What is the function of adipose tissue? - Answer-provides reserve food fuel;
insulates against heat loss; supports and protects organs
What is blood made of? - Answer-plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells,
platelets
What is the primary joint motion and plane of action of the hip? - Answer-Answer:
Flexion/extension (Sagittal Plane), Adduction/Abduction (Frontal Plane),
Internal/External Rotation (Transverse)
What is the primary joint motion and plane of action of the knee? - Answer-
Flexion/extension in sagittal plane
,What is the primary joint motion and plane of action of the ankle? - Answer-
Plantar flexion/ Dorsiflexion in the sagittal plane. Inversion & Eversion
What is the primary joint motion and plane of action of the shoulder? - Answer-
Answer: Flexion/Extension (Sagittal plane), Abduction/Adduction (frontal plane),
Internal/External Rotation (Transverse plane).
What is the primary joint motion and plane of action of the elbow? - Answer-
Flexion/Extension in sagittal plane
What is the primary joint motion and plane of action of the spine? - Answer-
Flexion/extension (Sagittal plane), Lateral bending (Frontal), Rotation (Transverse)
What is joint stability determined by? - Answer-Geometry of articular surfaces,
periarticular passive tissues, periarticular muscles.
Where is red bone marrow found in the bone and what is its function? - Answer-
Red bone marrow is found in the Epiphysis region of the bone and it's the area
that produces red blood cells (this process is called hematopoiesis).
What are the pros and cons for taking Bisphosphonates for bone remodeling? -
Answer-Bisphosphonates are a class of drug that reduces bone loss. It is also
proven to enhance bone density and reduce fracture incident in women. However
the cons are that if there is a prolonged use past 4 years, this will increase the risk
of atypical fracture.
What key features of physical rehabilitation programs aim to optimize bone
health? - Answer-Cyclic loading with high strain rates and regular rest/recovery.
Does whole-body vibration have an effect on bone remodeling? - Answer-Answer:
Whole body vibration may be an effective strategy for young women to achieve
peak bone mass and shave off osteoporosis later on in life.
What are two factors that affect a joints range of motion? - Answer-Elastic
Modulus and Tensile Strength.
The interaction of proteoglycans, collagen, and water in hyaline cartilage has what
effect? - Answer-Impart strength and resilience to cartilage.
, A young lady comes into the clinic with intra-articular swelling in the knee region.
You perform a deep-knee test but the individual feels no pain. She explains she
injured it when she was carrying a heavy box and turned/twisted her knee. You
also notice there is popping/clicking. What possible injury does she have? -
Answer-Meniscus tear
A patient has come into the clinic with CAD. Explain the routine assessment of
exercise that should be performed on this patient based on the guidelines for
exercise testing by ACSM. - Answer-The following should be monitored: HR, BP,
Body weight (BW), symptoms or signs that they are undergoing a change in clinical
status (light headiness, dizziness, irregular pulse, etc.), ECG/HR surveillance (using
technology).
What is axial force? - Answer-Acting along the long axis of a structure.
What is compressive force? - Answer-force that tends to shorten or squeeze
something, decreasing its volume
What is tension force? - Answer-"pulling apart force" opposite of compressive
What is shear force? - Answer-force acting on a substance in a direction
perpendicular to the extension of the substance
When does an injury occur? - Answer-When the load exceeds a tissue's maximum
tolerance.
When do cumulative trauma disorders occur? - Answer-When the injury results
from repeated loads with insufficient time to recover.
What is elasticity? - Answer-ability of muscle to recoil to original resting length
after stretched
What is Plasticity? - Answer-Tendency to assume a new and greater length after a
passive stretch (Flexible).
What is a ligament sprain? - Answer-Partial or complete tear of a ligament due to
the joint moving beyond the range of motion.
What muscles make up the Rotator Cuff Complex? - Answer-"SITS" Supraspinatus,
Infraspinatus, Teres Minor, Subscapularis
Stretch or partial damage of the ligaments, no displacement, and pain with
abduction past 90 degrees. - Answer-What are the signs and symptoms of 1st
degree AC ( Acromion clavicular) Joint Sprain?
What are the signs and symptoms of 2nd degree AC Joint Sprain? - Answer-
Rupture of ligaments, clavicle shifted superiorly, and pain with compression of the
clavicle and pain with passive horizontal adduction (When the arm is abducted
90degrees and the bringing it in medially).
What are the signs and symptoms of 3rd degree AC Joint Sprain? - Answer-
Rupture of many ligaments, very painful
Explain the mechanisms of injury and signs/symptoms of Medial Epicondylitis -
Answer-Medial Epicondylitis (Also known as golfer's elbow) is a chronic injury that
occurs from overuse of the forearm flexors (Gripping). This is seen as repeated
valgus stress to the elbow joint.
Symptoms: May be pain at the site and swelling and bruising.
Explain the mechanisms of injury and signs/symptoms of Lateral Epicondylitis -
Answer-Lateral Epicondylitis (also known as tennis elbow) is a chronic injury that
occurs from overuse of forearm extensors (gripping).
This is seen as repeated varus stress to the elbow joint.
Symptoms: May be pain at the site and swelling and bruising.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome - Answer-A condition caused by compression of the
median nerve in the carpal tunnel and characterized especially by weakness, pain,
and disturbances of sensation in the hand and fingers.
Usually done by repetitive overuse or direct trauma.
Symptoms:
,Pain at night, relief with shaking hand.
Pain on the palmar side.
Grip & Pinch limited
May worsen when the wrist is fully extended of flexed with gripping.
What are the cardinal signs of inflammation? - Answer-Redness, Heat, Swelling,
Pain, and Loss of Function
What sort of diet may aid in pain reduction? - Answer-A ketogenic diet has anti-
inflammatory properties, thus decreases inflammation and reduces pain.
Which two joints make up the knee joint? - Answer-Tibiofemoral Joint &
Patellofemoral Joint
Tommy comes into the clinic with a swollen knee and can't extend or flex his knee.
He is unable to weight bear or walk. He explains this happened when he was
changing direction in soccer. What do these clinical symptoms most likely
represent? - Answer-ACL Tear
Christina comes into your clinic and complains that while she was playing
volleyball she hurt her knee while it was flexed she complains of "knee
clicking/locking" and you notice she has limited ROM and has tenderness in the
knee joint line. What do these clinical symptoms most likely represent? - Answer-
Meniscal Tear
What is the function of adipose tissue? - Answer-provides reserve food fuel;
insulates against heat loss; supports and protects organs
What is blood made of? - Answer-plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells,
platelets
What is the primary joint motion and plane of action of the hip? - Answer-Answer:
Flexion/extension (Sagittal Plane), Adduction/Abduction (Frontal Plane),
Internal/External Rotation (Transverse)
What is the primary joint motion and plane of action of the knee? - Answer-
Flexion/extension in sagittal plane
,What is the primary joint motion and plane of action of the ankle? - Answer-
Plantar flexion/ Dorsiflexion in the sagittal plane. Inversion & Eversion
What is the primary joint motion and plane of action of the shoulder? - Answer-
Answer: Flexion/Extension (Sagittal plane), Abduction/Adduction (frontal plane),
Internal/External Rotation (Transverse plane).
What is the primary joint motion and plane of action of the elbow? - Answer-
Flexion/Extension in sagittal plane
What is the primary joint motion and plane of action of the spine? - Answer-
Flexion/extension (Sagittal plane), Lateral bending (Frontal), Rotation (Transverse)
What is joint stability determined by? - Answer-Geometry of articular surfaces,
periarticular passive tissues, periarticular muscles.
Where is red bone marrow found in the bone and what is its function? - Answer-
Red bone marrow is found in the Epiphysis region of the bone and it's the area
that produces red blood cells (this process is called hematopoiesis).
What are the pros and cons for taking Bisphosphonates for bone remodeling? -
Answer-Bisphosphonates are a class of drug that reduces bone loss. It is also
proven to enhance bone density and reduce fracture incident in women. However
the cons are that if there is a prolonged use past 4 years, this will increase the risk
of atypical fracture.
What key features of physical rehabilitation programs aim to optimize bone
health? - Answer-Cyclic loading with high strain rates and regular rest/recovery.
Does whole-body vibration have an effect on bone remodeling? - Answer-Answer:
Whole body vibration may be an effective strategy for young women to achieve
peak bone mass and shave off osteoporosis later on in life.
What are two factors that affect a joints range of motion? - Answer-Elastic
Modulus and Tensile Strength.
The interaction of proteoglycans, collagen, and water in hyaline cartilage has what
effect? - Answer-Impart strength and resilience to cartilage.
, A young lady comes into the clinic with intra-articular swelling in the knee region.
You perform a deep-knee test but the individual feels no pain. She explains she
injured it when she was carrying a heavy box and turned/twisted her knee. You
also notice there is popping/clicking. What possible injury does she have? -
Answer-Meniscus tear
A patient has come into the clinic with CAD. Explain the routine assessment of
exercise that should be performed on this patient based on the guidelines for
exercise testing by ACSM. - Answer-The following should be monitored: HR, BP,
Body weight (BW), symptoms or signs that they are undergoing a change in clinical
status (light headiness, dizziness, irregular pulse, etc.), ECG/HR surveillance (using
technology).
What is axial force? - Answer-Acting along the long axis of a structure.
What is compressive force? - Answer-force that tends to shorten or squeeze
something, decreasing its volume
What is tension force? - Answer-"pulling apart force" opposite of compressive
What is shear force? - Answer-force acting on a substance in a direction
perpendicular to the extension of the substance
When does an injury occur? - Answer-When the load exceeds a tissue's maximum
tolerance.
When do cumulative trauma disorders occur? - Answer-When the injury results
from repeated loads with insufficient time to recover.
What is elasticity? - Answer-ability of muscle to recoil to original resting length
after stretched
What is Plasticity? - Answer-Tendency to assume a new and greater length after a
passive stretch (Flexible).
What is a ligament sprain? - Answer-Partial or complete tear of a ligament due to
the joint moving beyond the range of motion.
