CSAD 126 Exam 1 Questions with Verified Solutions Latest Update 2025/2026
Why is it important to study speech sound disorders? If people have difficulty in these areas,
how does this difficulty potentially impact their lives? - Answers It is important because even a
mild speech sound disorder can have an impact on a person's life.
Studies show:
- Adults with a mild lisp are judged as less intelligent.
- Kids are afraid to raise their hand and talk in class.
- There is a decrease in social engagement when a child has a SSD.
Phoneme - Answers -A family of sounds that the listener perceives as belonging to the same
category.
- Distinguishes one word from another.
- (e.g.) /t/ in bad vs. bat
Narrow Phonetic Transcription - Answers - Brackets for phonetic transcription that represent the
actual production of the sound by the speaker.
- Narrow transcription uses diacritical markers to identify variations in actual production.
- (e.g.) [m]
Diacritic Marker - Answers - Used to indicate stress or pronunciation.
- (e.g.) [m] or /m/
Place, Voice, Manner - Answers Place: Where the sound is produced.
Voice: Voiced or voiceless.
Manner: How sound is produced.
Fricatives - Answers f, v, θ, ð, s, z, ʃ, ʒ
Affricates - Answers tʃ, dʒ
Nasals - Answers m, n, ŋ
, Glides - Answers w, j
Liquids - Answers l, upside down r
Sounds mastered by 4 years old - Answers /b, p, m, t, g, d, n, f, k, w, h, ŋ/
Sounds mastered by 5-7 years old - Answers /j, ʃ, tʃ, l, j, s, r, v, z, θ, ð/
Morphophonemics - Answers Sound alterations that result from the modification of free
morphemes (whole word that cannot be broken down into smaller units).
Morphophonemic rules - Answers 1. If a noun ends in a voiced sound, use /z/. (Bags, tails)
2. If a noun ends in a voiceless sound, use /s/.
(Cops, lakes)
Phonological pattern/process - Answers Simplifications of adult sound productions that affect
entire classes of sounds.
Phonological awareness - Answers A child's underlying awareness that words are created by
sound (phonemes) & combination of sounds.
If a child says "tat" instead of "cat", what process is that? - Answers Velar Fronting
Unstressed/Weak Syllable Deletion - Answers When a consonant cluster is reduced to a single
consonant.
Banana to nana
Tomato to nado
Elephant to efant
Reduplication - Answers Repetition of a syllable.
Partial:
Bottle to babi
Complete:
Why is it important to study speech sound disorders? If people have difficulty in these areas,
how does this difficulty potentially impact their lives? - Answers It is important because even a
mild speech sound disorder can have an impact on a person's life.
Studies show:
- Adults with a mild lisp are judged as less intelligent.
- Kids are afraid to raise their hand and talk in class.
- There is a decrease in social engagement when a child has a SSD.
Phoneme - Answers -A family of sounds that the listener perceives as belonging to the same
category.
- Distinguishes one word from another.
- (e.g.) /t/ in bad vs. bat
Narrow Phonetic Transcription - Answers - Brackets for phonetic transcription that represent the
actual production of the sound by the speaker.
- Narrow transcription uses diacritical markers to identify variations in actual production.
- (e.g.) [m]
Diacritic Marker - Answers - Used to indicate stress or pronunciation.
- (e.g.) [m] or /m/
Place, Voice, Manner - Answers Place: Where the sound is produced.
Voice: Voiced or voiceless.
Manner: How sound is produced.
Fricatives - Answers f, v, θ, ð, s, z, ʃ, ʒ
Affricates - Answers tʃ, dʒ
Nasals - Answers m, n, ŋ
, Glides - Answers w, j
Liquids - Answers l, upside down r
Sounds mastered by 4 years old - Answers /b, p, m, t, g, d, n, f, k, w, h, ŋ/
Sounds mastered by 5-7 years old - Answers /j, ʃ, tʃ, l, j, s, r, v, z, θ, ð/
Morphophonemics - Answers Sound alterations that result from the modification of free
morphemes (whole word that cannot be broken down into smaller units).
Morphophonemic rules - Answers 1. If a noun ends in a voiced sound, use /z/. (Bags, tails)
2. If a noun ends in a voiceless sound, use /s/.
(Cops, lakes)
Phonological pattern/process - Answers Simplifications of adult sound productions that affect
entire classes of sounds.
Phonological awareness - Answers A child's underlying awareness that words are created by
sound (phonemes) & combination of sounds.
If a child says "tat" instead of "cat", what process is that? - Answers Velar Fronting
Unstressed/Weak Syllable Deletion - Answers When a consonant cluster is reduced to a single
consonant.
Banana to nana
Tomato to nado
Elephant to efant
Reduplication - Answers Repetition of a syllable.
Partial:
Bottle to babi
Complete:
