PSYU 2236 Exam Questions with
Complete Solutions5
What is the retardation test? - ANSWERS-conditioned inhibitory properties will interfere with
acquisition of excitatory properties to a stimulus
What is contiguity? - ANSWERS-the connectedness in time and space of the CS and the US
As the delay increases between the CS-US so the rate of learning decreases
What is contingency? - ANSWERS-the predictability of the occurrence of one stimulus from the
presence of another.
probabilistic relationship with US given that a CS has occurred refers to the extent to which the
pairing of the CS with the US is necessary and sufficient for learning to occur
What is blocking? - ANSWERS-combining a pre-conditioned CS with a US will not allow the US to
become a CS as conditioning is blocked
what is rescorla's equation? - ANSWERS-p(US/CS) >p(US/NoCS)
the left side of the equation simply notes the percentage of CSs that are temporally
contiguous (paired) with a US.
If p = 1.0 then 100% of CSs are paired with USs
• If p = 0.5 then 50% CSs are paired with UCSs and 50% of CSs are presented alone.
• If p = 0.0 then all the CSs are presented alone, there are no CS- US pairings.
up to p80 - ANSWERS-
, What is classical conditioning? - ANSWERS-a type of learning in which one learns to link two or
more stimuli and anticipate events
What is operant conditioning? - ANSWERS-learning about the consequences of our behaviour
what is social learning - ANSWERS-learning from the behavior of others
What is non-associative learning? - ANSWERS-a relatively permanent change in the strength of
response to a single stimulus due to repeated exposure to that stimulus
What is an orienting response? - ANSWERS-moving or reacting to a new event
What is sensory adaptation? - ANSWERS-tendency of sensory receptors to fatigue and stop
responding to an unchanging stimulus
What is dishabituation? - ANSWERS-recovery of a habituated response after a change in
stimulation
Is habituation or sensitisation stimulus specific? - ANSWERS-habituation
do tones presented in loud environments cause habituation or sensitisation and do tones
presented in quiet environments cause habituation or sensitisation? - ANSWERS-loud
environments- sensitisation- loud background is arousing- enhanced reactivity-greater startle
response
quiet environments- habituation- little arousal of the CNS
What is the dual process theory of habituation and sensitisation? - ANSWERS-habituation and
sensitisation are processes that can co-occur and the observable behaviour is the sum of these
two processes
Complete Solutions5
What is the retardation test? - ANSWERS-conditioned inhibitory properties will interfere with
acquisition of excitatory properties to a stimulus
What is contiguity? - ANSWERS-the connectedness in time and space of the CS and the US
As the delay increases between the CS-US so the rate of learning decreases
What is contingency? - ANSWERS-the predictability of the occurrence of one stimulus from the
presence of another.
probabilistic relationship with US given that a CS has occurred refers to the extent to which the
pairing of the CS with the US is necessary and sufficient for learning to occur
What is blocking? - ANSWERS-combining a pre-conditioned CS with a US will not allow the US to
become a CS as conditioning is blocked
what is rescorla's equation? - ANSWERS-p(US/CS) >p(US/NoCS)
the left side of the equation simply notes the percentage of CSs that are temporally
contiguous (paired) with a US.
If p = 1.0 then 100% of CSs are paired with USs
• If p = 0.5 then 50% CSs are paired with UCSs and 50% of CSs are presented alone.
• If p = 0.0 then all the CSs are presented alone, there are no CS- US pairings.
up to p80 - ANSWERS-
, What is classical conditioning? - ANSWERS-a type of learning in which one learns to link two or
more stimuli and anticipate events
What is operant conditioning? - ANSWERS-learning about the consequences of our behaviour
what is social learning - ANSWERS-learning from the behavior of others
What is non-associative learning? - ANSWERS-a relatively permanent change in the strength of
response to a single stimulus due to repeated exposure to that stimulus
What is an orienting response? - ANSWERS-moving or reacting to a new event
What is sensory adaptation? - ANSWERS-tendency of sensory receptors to fatigue and stop
responding to an unchanging stimulus
What is dishabituation? - ANSWERS-recovery of a habituated response after a change in
stimulation
Is habituation or sensitisation stimulus specific? - ANSWERS-habituation
do tones presented in loud environments cause habituation or sensitisation and do tones
presented in quiet environments cause habituation or sensitisation? - ANSWERS-loud
environments- sensitisation- loud background is arousing- enhanced reactivity-greater startle
response
quiet environments- habituation- little arousal of the CNS
What is the dual process theory of habituation and sensitisation? - ANSWERS-habituation and
sensitisation are processes that can co-occur and the observable behaviour is the sum of these
two processes
