IBSS 1522 Exam 1 - All Lectures
Questions & Answers93
what two ways do lymphoid cells work - ANSWERS-autocrine
paracrine
what are 4 kinds of cytokine that lymphoid cells use - ANSWERS-monokines
lymphokines
chemokines
interferons
do cytokines act locally or systemically - ANSWERS-locally
what important cells are used in the innate immune system - ANSWERS-Natural killer cells
what do natural killer cells do - ANSWERS-kill tumor cells and infected cells
what cells are used in the adaptive immune system - ANSWERS-T cells
B cells
what two things do b cells do - ANSWERS-antibody production
antigen presentation
what is found on the surface of b cells that help determine they are b cells - ANSWERS-Ig+
antibodies
,What are the three clusters of differentiation markers - ANSWERS-CD3+ mainly
CD4+
CD8+
what do T cells do - ANSWERS-cytoxic cells which kill infected cells and tumor cells
- ANSWERS-
are enzymes normally present in the blood - ANSWERS-no
when membranes are damaged what happens to enzymes - ANSWERS-they are released into
the fluids surrounding the cells
laboratory assays of enzyme activity most often use what - ANSWERS-serum prepared form
blood form a patient
what is plasma - ANSWERS-the fluid, non cellular fraction of blood
what is serum - ANSWERS-fluid obtained by centrifugation of coagulated whole blood
what is the benefit of using serum - ANSWERS-the blood has already clotted and does not
require or contain any additives to prevent clotting
what is the drawback to the ue fo serum - ANSWERS-hemolysis may occur while waiting for
blood to clot before cells are separated from the serum, the lysed red blood cells release
enzymes and may cause false positive tests
,how do you obtain plama - ANSWERS-add an anticoagulant before centrifugation
how do you obtain serum - ANSWERS-add nothing, just centrifuge
In health what is the one reason that enzymes are found in the blood - ANSWERS-cell turnover
what are the 4 reasons in pathology (disease) what there are increased blood plasma enzymes -
ANSWERS-cell membrane injury
enzyme induction
tumor
cell proliferation
what are examples of cell membrane injury (2) - ANSWERS-hepatitis
myocardial infarction
what is an example of cell proliferation - ANSWERS-bone healing
what are the first two enzymes were are going over - ANSWERS-alkaline phosphataase
gamma glutamic transferase
what are the two abbreviations of alkaline phosphatase - ANSWERS-ALP
ALK
what organ is alkaline phosphatase found in (2) - ANSWERS-liver
bone osteoblasts
, what are the two abbreviations of gamma glutamic transferase - ANSWERS-GGT
GGTP
what organ is gamma glutamic transferase found in (2) - ANSWERS-liver
pancreas
what are the 4 transaminases we are going over - ANSWERS-alanine amino transferase
aspartate aminotransferase
lactate dehydrogenase
creatine kinase
what is the abbreviations for alanine aminotransferase (2) - ANSWERS-ALT
SGPT
what organ is alanine aminotransferase found in - ANSWERS-liver
what are the two abbreviations of aspartate aminotransferase - ANSWERS-AST
SGOT
what organ is aspartate aminotransferase found in (2) - ANSWERS-liver
muscle
what is the abbreviation for lactate dehydrogenase (2) - ANSWERS-LDH
LD
what organ is lactate dehydrogenase found in (3) - ANSWERS-liver
Questions & Answers93
what two ways do lymphoid cells work - ANSWERS-autocrine
paracrine
what are 4 kinds of cytokine that lymphoid cells use - ANSWERS-monokines
lymphokines
chemokines
interferons
do cytokines act locally or systemically - ANSWERS-locally
what important cells are used in the innate immune system - ANSWERS-Natural killer cells
what do natural killer cells do - ANSWERS-kill tumor cells and infected cells
what cells are used in the adaptive immune system - ANSWERS-T cells
B cells
what two things do b cells do - ANSWERS-antibody production
antigen presentation
what is found on the surface of b cells that help determine they are b cells - ANSWERS-Ig+
antibodies
,What are the three clusters of differentiation markers - ANSWERS-CD3+ mainly
CD4+
CD8+
what do T cells do - ANSWERS-cytoxic cells which kill infected cells and tumor cells
- ANSWERS-
are enzymes normally present in the blood - ANSWERS-no
when membranes are damaged what happens to enzymes - ANSWERS-they are released into
the fluids surrounding the cells
laboratory assays of enzyme activity most often use what - ANSWERS-serum prepared form
blood form a patient
what is plasma - ANSWERS-the fluid, non cellular fraction of blood
what is serum - ANSWERS-fluid obtained by centrifugation of coagulated whole blood
what is the benefit of using serum - ANSWERS-the blood has already clotted and does not
require or contain any additives to prevent clotting
what is the drawback to the ue fo serum - ANSWERS-hemolysis may occur while waiting for
blood to clot before cells are separated from the serum, the lysed red blood cells release
enzymes and may cause false positive tests
,how do you obtain plama - ANSWERS-add an anticoagulant before centrifugation
how do you obtain serum - ANSWERS-add nothing, just centrifuge
In health what is the one reason that enzymes are found in the blood - ANSWERS-cell turnover
what are the 4 reasons in pathology (disease) what there are increased blood plasma enzymes -
ANSWERS-cell membrane injury
enzyme induction
tumor
cell proliferation
what are examples of cell membrane injury (2) - ANSWERS-hepatitis
myocardial infarction
what is an example of cell proliferation - ANSWERS-bone healing
what are the first two enzymes were are going over - ANSWERS-alkaline phosphataase
gamma glutamic transferase
what are the two abbreviations of alkaline phosphatase - ANSWERS-ALP
ALK
what organ is alkaline phosphatase found in (2) - ANSWERS-liver
bone osteoblasts
, what are the two abbreviations of gamma glutamic transferase - ANSWERS-GGT
GGTP
what organ is gamma glutamic transferase found in (2) - ANSWERS-liver
pancreas
what are the 4 transaminases we are going over - ANSWERS-alanine amino transferase
aspartate aminotransferase
lactate dehydrogenase
creatine kinase
what is the abbreviations for alanine aminotransferase (2) - ANSWERS-ALT
SGPT
what organ is alanine aminotransferase found in - ANSWERS-liver
what are the two abbreviations of aspartate aminotransferase - ANSWERS-AST
SGOT
what organ is aspartate aminotransferase found in (2) - ANSWERS-liver
muscle
what is the abbreviation for lactate dehydrogenase (2) - ANSWERS-LDH
LD
what organ is lactate dehydrogenase found in (3) - ANSWERS-liver
