Intro to Civil Engineering 101 midterm 1 exam questions with 100% Verified Answers.

What is infrastructure? - correct answers the general term for the basic physical systems of a business, region, or nation examples of infrastucture - correct answers transportation systems, communication networks, sewage, water, and electric systems what is an infrastructure system? - correct answers a collection of various structural or non-structural (e.g., human) elements which are interconnected and organized in such away to achieve some specified objective Major infrastructure sectors of civil engineering - correct answers1. Transportation systems (roads, highways, railroads, bridges, tunnels, canals, locks, ports, airports, mass transit, and waterways) 2. Structures (including buildings, bridges, dams, and levees) 3. Water supply and treatment systems 4. Wastewater treatment and conveyance systems 5. Solid waste management systems(collection, reuse, recycling, and disposal of wastes) 6. Hazardous waste management systems 7. Stormwater management systems 8. Parks, schools, and other government facilities 9. Energy systems (power production, transmission, and distribution) 10. Communications systems (telephone, computer, etc.) What are turbines used for? - correct answerscreating energy by changing tides solid waste systems rely on? - correct answerscloud services hazardous waste is tracked through? - correct answersthe manifest system sustainability - correct answersThe ability to keep in existence or maintain. The goal is an ecosystem that can be maintained and last generations. What is a bridge? - correct answersStructures are used to span gorges and valleys or to cross any number of obstructions including waterways and other roads. At its simplest, this structure consists of a deck and its supports. The deck may be used to convey trains, automobiles, pedestrians, or bicyclists. Types of bridges - correct answersbeam/girder, arch, truss, cantilever, suspension, and cable-stayed How to know which bridge to use? - correct answersThe distances, the site geology, ease of construction, type of traffic that passes under the bridge, money girder bridge - correct answersa bridge that uses girders as the means of supporting its deck. The two most common types of modern steel girder bridges are plate and box. description of a girder bridge - correct answersThere is a deck (road), super structure (full of perpendicular beams holding up the deck), and a substructure (full of vertical columns) What is a truss bridge? - correct answersA bridge whose load-bearing superstructure is composed of a truss, a structure of connected elements usually forming triangular units. How are the elements in a truss bridge stressed? - correct answersThe connected elements (typically straight) may be stressed from tension, compression. What is a cantilever bridge? - correct answersA bridge built using cantilevers, structures that project horizontally into space, supported on only one end, a pin and roller support. What are the main components of a cantilever bridge? - correct answersA suspended span and a cantilever span. famous suspension bridge - correct answersGolden Gate Bridge another famous suspension bridge - correct answersBrooklyn bridge FYI - correct answers- all cables of bridges only have tension - all roads/beams have tension under them and compression over them - all columns are straight compression - truss bridges have tension on each crossing and the beam itself but compression everywhere else - cantilever bridges only have tension on the top left and right of each column Main components of an arch bridge - correct answersportal frame arch upper chord lower chord deck pier trussed arch thrust abutment column (on land at ends) Suspension Bridge - correct answerstype of bridge in which the deck is hung below suspension cables on vertical suspenders The main cables are suspended between towers and are finally connected to the anchorage or the bridge itself, and vertical suspenders carry the weight of the deck and the traffic load on it. main components of a suspension bridge - correct answersdeck/roadway 4 towers main steel cables (made up of mini cables) concrete anchorage cable stayed bridge - correct answersa bridge in which the roadway deck is suspended from cables anchored to one or more towers main components of a cable stayed bridge - correct answerspylons, deck, cables. It uses a pin and roller support famous examples of a cable stayed bridges - correct answersgoethals bridge and queensborough bridge 59th street stress on the deck of a cable stayed bridge - correct answersabnormal, tension on top and compression on the bottom types of bridge loads - correct answersdead loads live loads wind loads snow loads dead load - correct answersthe weight of the structure itself (static) live load - correct answersThe weight of movable objects such as people, furnishings, machines, vehicles, and goods in or on a building. wind load - correct answersPressure from the wind that can cause lateral loads as well as uplift on the roof or downward pressure. snow load - correct answersdownward acting load caused by snow FIU Pedestrian Bridge Collapse - correct answerspedestrian bridge that fell twice due to improper calculations at FIU I-40 bridge collapse - correct answersbridge hit by a boat What's so important about the collapse of the I-35W truss bridge in Minnesota? - correct answersGusset plates for tightening the trusses must be made correctly. The bridge would fall and buckle at that node if done wrong. Also, too much load was placed in a small area. How are truss sections indicated? - correct answersU' for upper trusses and L' for lower trusses the numbers meet in the middle and reverse using a prime (ex. L 12, L13, L 12'...) What happened to the Francis Scott Key bridge? - correct answersIt was hit by a boat First modern sky scraper - correct answersChicago's home insurance building tallest sky scraper so far? - correct answersburj khalifa shape of the burj khalifa - correct answerstripodal structure how did the world trade center collapse? - correct answersThe heat from the jet engines of the airplanes made the trusses of the building sag and bolts by which each column were screwed weren't able to hold enough weight for long. The buildings stood tall for more than an hour but technically were melting the steel in the trusses slowly. what are some cross sections of roads? - correct answersdriving lanes, shoulders, curbs, medians and ditches perks of asphalt vs. concrete - correct answersless expensive, easier to maintain, easier to use perks of concrete vs. asphalt - correct answersmore durable what are ways to reduce traffic? - correct answersHOV lanes, bus lanes, ez passes what does a plan view show you? - correct answersbirds eye view looking down, shows turns what does a profile view show you? - correct answersalong the centerline of the road, shows hills why are roundabouts necessary? - correct answersthey reduce conflict, slow people down, while being effeicient at keeping people moving Storm surges - correct answersa wall of water that is pushed ashore by a storm How can we prevent storm surges? - correct answersstorm surge barriers and grass concrete - correct answersmade up of cement, water, sand, and stone mortar - correct answersmade up of cement, water, and sand How is cement bad for the environment? - correct answersit is made from pressed and crushed fine powder with heat and a clinker. This processes releases a lot of CO2 in the environment most used materials in the world - correct answerswater and concrete Asphalt - correct answersA tar-like material used to pave streets. It is made from black raisins how much of our carbon footprint is from portland cement? - correct answers8% famous examples of truss bridges - correct answersMadison Avenue bridge connecting bronx and manhattan which bridge is better for shorter distances? - correct answerstruss which bridge is better for spanning longer distances? - correct answerssuspension bridge common beams for the deck of beam bridges - correct answersO, I, L, double T why are beams hollow? - correct answersair circulation and water lines, but also, if more concrete is unnecessary then don't add more why do bridges fall? - correct answersstrong winds natural disasters such as earthquakes boats hitting the bridge design error weight overload what are dolphins? - correct answerssmall pillars in the water surrounding the pillars of the bridge to make boats hit instead of colliding with the bridge what were the first original sky scrapers? - correct answerspyramids what boosted the ability for sky scrapers to manage? - correct answerselevators categories of mass transportation. - correct answerslight rail heavy rail commuter rail light rail - correct answerslow-speed streetcars and trams with right-of-ways that can be crossed by vehicles and pedestrians heavy rail - correct answershigher speed, higher volume rail with dedicated right-of-ways that are not crossed by vehicles or pedestrians, for example, subways commuter rail - correct answershigh-speed, high-volume rail between adjacent cities, or between city centers and suburbs Largest Airport in USA - correct answersHartsfield-Jackson Atlanta Airport Big Dig in Boston - correct answersa megaproject in Boston that rerouted the Central Artery of Interstate 93, the chief highway through the heart of the city, into the 1.5-mile Thomas P. O'Neill Jr. Tunnel; projected cost 2.6 billion; actual cost 15 billion (24 billion with interest); 8 years behind schedule traffic count data - correct answersavrg annual daily traffic, avrg annual weekly traffic, directional design hour volume