MDC 3 EXAM 2 ACTUAL EXAM 2026
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ Asthma Risk Factors. Answer: Allergens (dust, pollen, animal
dander, mold), irritants (smoke, pollution), respiratory infections,
cold air, exercise, GERD, certain medications (NSAIDs, beta-
blockers).
◉ Asthma Signs & Symptoms. Answer: Episodic wheezing, cough
(especially at night/early morning), chest tightness, dyspnea,
tachypnea, use of accessory muscles, possible cyanosis in severe
attacks.
◉ Asthma Diagnostics. Answer: Pulmonary function tests (↓ FEV1,
improvement post-bronchodilator), peak flow monitoring, ABGs,
allergy testing.
◉ Asthma Medical & Surgical Management. Answer: Quick relief:
SABAs (albuterol), anticholinergics (ipratropium). Long-term:
inhaled corticosteroids, LABAs, leukotriene modifiers. Severe
exacerbations may require systemic corticosteroids and oxygen
therapy.
◉ Asthma Nursing Care & Priorities. Answer: Assess respiratory
status, monitor peak flow, maintain airway, administer meds as
,ordered, position for optimal breathing, monitor for silent chest
(ominous).
◉ Asthma Patient Education. Answer: Teach inhaler technique,
trigger avoidance, peak flow monitoring, action plan use, early
recognition of symptoms, importance of adherence to long-term
control meds.
◉ Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Answer: A
progressive, largely irreversible airflow limitation caused by chronic
bronchitis, emphysema, or both.
◉ COPD Risk Factors. Answer: Smoking (primary), occupational
exposure to dust/chemicals, air pollution, alpha-1 antitrypsin
deficiency, age.
◉ COPD Signs & Symptoms. Answer: Chronic cough, sputum
production, dyspnea (initially exertional, later at rest), barrel chest,
accessory muscle use, weight loss, hypoxemia, hypercapnia.
◉ COPD Diagnostics. Answer: Spirometry (↓ FEV1/FVC), ABGs
(respiratory acidosis: low pH, high CO₂, ↑ HCO₃⁻ compensation),
chest X-ray (hyperinflation), 6-minute walk test.
, ◉ COPD Medical & Surgical Management. Answer: Smoking
cessation, bronchodilators, inhaled corticosteroids, pulmonary
rehab, oxygen therapy (target SpO₂ 88-92%), vaccines, surgical
options (bullectomy, lung volume reduction, transplant).
◉ COPD Nursing Care & Priorities. Answer: Assess breath sounds,
monitor SpO₂/ABGs, position upright, teach pursed-lip and
diaphragmatic breathing, conserve energy, prevent infection.
◉ COPD Patient Education. Answer: Avoid smoking, adhere to meds,
get annual influenza/pneumococcal vaccines, maintain nutrition,
recognize exacerbation signs.
◉ Atelectasis. Answer: Collapse of alveoli resulting in reduced or
absent gas exchange, often occurring postoperatively due to
hypoventilation or obstruction.
◉ Atelectasis Risk Factors. Answer: Surgery (especially
abdominal/thoracic), immobility, mucus plugs, prolonged bed rest,
shallow breathing from pain.
◉ Atelectasis Signs & Symptoms. Answer: Dyspnea, tachypnea,
tachycardia, decreased breath sounds, dull percussion, possible
cyanosis.
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ Asthma Risk Factors. Answer: Allergens (dust, pollen, animal
dander, mold), irritants (smoke, pollution), respiratory infections,
cold air, exercise, GERD, certain medications (NSAIDs, beta-
blockers).
◉ Asthma Signs & Symptoms. Answer: Episodic wheezing, cough
(especially at night/early morning), chest tightness, dyspnea,
tachypnea, use of accessory muscles, possible cyanosis in severe
attacks.
◉ Asthma Diagnostics. Answer: Pulmonary function tests (↓ FEV1,
improvement post-bronchodilator), peak flow monitoring, ABGs,
allergy testing.
◉ Asthma Medical & Surgical Management. Answer: Quick relief:
SABAs (albuterol), anticholinergics (ipratropium). Long-term:
inhaled corticosteroids, LABAs, leukotriene modifiers. Severe
exacerbations may require systemic corticosteroids and oxygen
therapy.
◉ Asthma Nursing Care & Priorities. Answer: Assess respiratory
status, monitor peak flow, maintain airway, administer meds as
,ordered, position for optimal breathing, monitor for silent chest
(ominous).
◉ Asthma Patient Education. Answer: Teach inhaler technique,
trigger avoidance, peak flow monitoring, action plan use, early
recognition of symptoms, importance of adherence to long-term
control meds.
◉ Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Answer: A
progressive, largely irreversible airflow limitation caused by chronic
bronchitis, emphysema, or both.
◉ COPD Risk Factors. Answer: Smoking (primary), occupational
exposure to dust/chemicals, air pollution, alpha-1 antitrypsin
deficiency, age.
◉ COPD Signs & Symptoms. Answer: Chronic cough, sputum
production, dyspnea (initially exertional, later at rest), barrel chest,
accessory muscle use, weight loss, hypoxemia, hypercapnia.
◉ COPD Diagnostics. Answer: Spirometry (↓ FEV1/FVC), ABGs
(respiratory acidosis: low pH, high CO₂, ↑ HCO₃⁻ compensation),
chest X-ray (hyperinflation), 6-minute walk test.
, ◉ COPD Medical & Surgical Management. Answer: Smoking
cessation, bronchodilators, inhaled corticosteroids, pulmonary
rehab, oxygen therapy (target SpO₂ 88-92%), vaccines, surgical
options (bullectomy, lung volume reduction, transplant).
◉ COPD Nursing Care & Priorities. Answer: Assess breath sounds,
monitor SpO₂/ABGs, position upright, teach pursed-lip and
diaphragmatic breathing, conserve energy, prevent infection.
◉ COPD Patient Education. Answer: Avoid smoking, adhere to meds,
get annual influenza/pneumococcal vaccines, maintain nutrition,
recognize exacerbation signs.
◉ Atelectasis. Answer: Collapse of alveoli resulting in reduced or
absent gas exchange, often occurring postoperatively due to
hypoventilation or obstruction.
◉ Atelectasis Risk Factors. Answer: Surgery (especially
abdominal/thoracic), immobility, mucus plugs, prolonged bed rest,
shallow breathing from pain.
◉ Atelectasis Signs & Symptoms. Answer: Dyspnea, tachypnea,
tachycardia, decreased breath sounds, dull percussion, possible
cyanosis.
