Civil Engineering Final Exam Questions And Correct Guaranteed Answers.

What is the level ? - correct answers a telescope rotatable about a vertical axis What does a level do? - correct answers creates a horizontal line of sight so height differences can be determined determines distance with an accuracy of 0.1 to 0.3 metres Total station surveying - correct answers the use of electronic survey equipment to perform horizontal and vertical measurements in reference to a grid system Horizontal angle vs vertical angle - correct answers horizontal angle is independent of height difference provided the telescope moves in a strictly vertical plane vertical angle is the difference between the prescribed direction and the direction to the point under consideration Height difference - correct answers calculated from the distance between two staff readings backsight - foresight When do you use line levelling? Characteristics of line levelling? - correct answers If point A and B are widely separated Targets distances between 30 and 50 metres Where does point A have to be in excavation? - correct answerspoint A has to be at street level and point B a metre below point A Advantages of automatic target recognition - correct answers1) high speed of measurement 2) constant measuring accuracy independent of the observer Total station requirements - correct answers1) Line of sight ZZ perpendicular to tilting axis KK 2) Titling axis KK perpendicular to vertical axis VV 3) Vertical axis VV strictly vertical 4) Vertical circle reading precisely zero at zenith What are the different types of total station errors - correct answers1) Line of sight error 2) Tilting axis error 3) Vertical axis tilt 4) Height index error What is line of sight error? - correct answersdeviation from the right angle between the line of sight and tilting axis What is tilting axis error ? - correct answersdeviation from the right angle between tilting axis and vertical axis What is a vertical axis tilt? - correct answersbetween plumb line and vertical axis What is height index error? - correct answersthe angle between the zenith direction and zero reading of the vertical circle What is the most accurate way to measure a right angle? - correct answersusing a total station Free station surveys - correct answerscalculates the position and height of instrument station along with the orientation of the horizontal circle What are the advantages of free station surveys ? - correct answersallows you to choose the most favorable station without having a known point What's an advantage of using GPS over total station? - correct answersthe points do not have to be mutually visible What is a continuously operating reference station (CORS)? - correct answersa dual frequency GPS receiver located at known coordinates What is total station surveying? - correct answersthe use of electronic survey equipment used to perform horizontal and vertical measurements in reference to a grid system What are the five components needed for total station surveying? - correct answers1) Total Station and tripod 2) Electronic notebook 3) Prism (and prism pole) 4) Computer interface 5) Batteries and Radios What are the advantages of total station surveying? - correct answers1) relative quick collection of information 2) multiple surveys at one set up location 3) layout of construction site quickly and effectively 4) Digital design data from CAD programs can be uploaded to data collector 5) Daily survey information can be quickly downloaded eliminating conventional surveying techniques 6) easy to perform distance and horizontal measurements What are the disadvantages of total station surveying? - correct answers1) vertical elevation not as accurate as using conventional survey level and rod technique 2) horizontal coordinates are calculated in rectangular grid system and need to be transformed to geographic coordinates What is total station? - correct answersan electron theodolite combined with an electronic measuring device (EDM) What is the function of total station? - correct answersto measure slope distance, vertical angle, and horizontal angle from a setup point to a foresight point How do total stations work? - correct answersuse a modulated near infrared light emitting diode which sends a beam form the instrument to a prism which reflects the beam back to the instrument what is the range of angle and distance accuracy when using total station? - correct answersangle can range from 2 inches to 5 inches distance can range from +/- (0.8 + 1 ppm x D) mm to +/- (3+3 ppm x D) mm What is the sensitivity of the circular and plate level of the total station? - correct answerscircular level - 10'/2mm plate level - 30"/ 2 mm What are the five menus of the electronic notebook of the total station? - correct answers1) function menu 2) survey menu 3) COGO menu 4) Road menu 5) Level menu What are the fifteen components of the function menu ? - correct answers1) Job 2) Instrument type 3) Job settings 4) Configure reading 5) Tolerances 6) Units 7) Communications 8) Date and Time 9) Job Detection 10) Calculator 11) Feature Code List 12) Hardware 13) Upgrade 14) User program 15) Language What are the sub menus of the survey menu? - correct answers1) Topogrpahy 2) Traverse Adjustment 3) Resection 4) Set Collection/Set Review 5) Building Face Survey 6) Collimation 7) Remote Elevation What are the sub menus of the COGO menu? - correct answers1) Setting out coordinates 2) setting out line 3) set out arc 4) resection 5) inverse 6) Areas 7) intersections 8) point projections 9) Taping from baseline What is the northing axis? - correct answers The northing axis is the projection of the starting meridian of the projection system The easting axis is defined as the northing axis rotated 90 degrees clockwise What is the whole circle bearing? - correct answers The angle swept when the local north is rotated to the direction of the target computed from known coordinate What is the provisional whole circle bearing? - correct answers an angular quantity computed from observations by summing up mean orientation angle and mean direction What is disruptive technology? - correct answers one that requires changes to long standing established processes What are the steps in order of the reactive project centric approach? - correct answers survey, design, construct, maintain What are the three components of machine control? - correct answers1) The design and resulting data 2) the machine w/computer, sensors, hydraulic control and radio 3) the positioning system - GPS, TPS, Laser or combination Advantages of GPS as Guidance System - correct answers1) No line of sight required from reference to rover 2) High enough accuracy for most applications - except where elevation is critical 3) One base 4) Works in all weather conditions Disadvantages of GPS as Guidance System - correct answers1) height accuracy is not as good as total station applications 2) Poor performance in obstructed areas What would make GPS accurate enough for precise elevation? - correct answers GPS with laser beam gives millimeter accuracy Advantages of control by total station - correct answers no longer needed string lines because the same level of accuracy can be achieved through optical methods ideal slowing moving high accurate applications Disadvantages of control by total station - correct answersone unit per machine limited to line of site. this is a limitation in busy building sites What is the role of a design engineer? - correct answers3D coordinate correct designs Buildable and biddable plans available on short notice for design changes What is the role of the surveyor? - correct answers remeasure or validate grade validates TIN produced by exchange format data establish horizontal and vertical project control what is a coordinate system ? - correct answers a set of points, lines, surfaces, and rules used to define the positions of points in space in either 2D or 3D Engineers must continue their professional development to enhance their ethical and nontechnical competencies - correct answers True If there is a conflict between an engineer's obligation to a client and a co-worker the obligation to the client must be followed - correct answers True There is no priority of responsibilities within a given stakeholder group with the exception that the protection of the health, safety, and welfare of the public takes precedence over all other responsibilities - correct answers False Engineers must report violations of the Code of Ethics to the American Society Civil Engineers - correct answers True Engineers may take credit for professional work subordinates - correct answers False Student members of ASCE are subject to its Code of Ethics - correct answers True An engineer's obligation to adhere to the principles of sustainable development is subject to their obligation to act as faithful agent of their clients - correct answers True Engineers must only use renewable resources - correct answers False Engineers must educate the public on the role of civil engineering in society - correct answers False Engineers must communicate in a timely manner to clients and employers only those risks to the health,