UIUC MCB 246 Exam 2 Questions With Complete Solutions
1. activation of T cells (cell attack vs activation of B and T cells)
via... Correct Answers ... MHC mediated antigen presentation
depends on specific "clusters of differentiation" or CD markers
1. CD markers Correct Answers clusters of differentiation
markers
-in T cell membranes, molecular mechanism of antigen
recognition, more than 70 types: designated by an identifying
number
1. CD8 or CD4 Correct Answers bind to CD3 receptor
complex, prepare cell for activation
-cd4: found on helper T cells, suppressor (regulatory) T cells -
respond to antigens on class II MHC proteins
-cd8: found on cytotoxic T cells -respond to antigens on Class I
MHC proteins. also found on suppressor (regulatory ) T cells,
memory cells
1. T cells and cell mediated immunity:
-cytotoxic T cells
helper T cells
suppressor T cells Correct Answers -attack cells infected by
viruses, responsible for cell-mediated immunity
-stimulate function of T cells and B cells
-inhibit function of T cells and B cells
3 stages of fever Correct Answers onset, stadium,
defervescence
,3 types, continuous, fenestrated, sinusoids Correct Answers
continuous: most common, limited movement across cells;
permit diffusion of water, small solutes and lipid soluble
materials. prevents formed elements and plasma proteins from
crossing
fenestrated: complete/continuous endothelial lining and
basement membrane, contains pores, permit exchange of water
and larger solultes, found in small intestine, choroid plexus,
endocrine organs, kidneys
sinusoid: incomplete lining of endothelial cells with large
openings and gaps, found in live, spleen, red bone marrow,
endocrine organs. permit free exchange of water and large
plasma proteins and formed elements between blood and
interstitial fluid
actions of Ab binding to antigen includes: Correct Answers
neutralization (masks active sites of toxins)
agglutination
precipitation (facilitates removal via phagocytosis)
actions of Ab binding to antigen includes: activate complement,
act as opsonins- facilitate phagocytosis, activate NK cells
activation of B cells Correct Answers B-lymphocytes need to be
activated, but can respond to antigens outside of cells
first signal: intact antigen binds to BCR, cross linking 2 BCRs
stimulated B-cell engulfs, processes, and presents antigen via
MHC II (exogenous pathway) to CD4 cells for recognition
second signal: activated CD4 cells releases IL-4, stimulating B
cell
, activation of cytotoxic t cells Correct Answers first signal:
direct contact between TCR of cytotoxic T-cell (CD8) and
peptide fragment with MCH I molecule (infected cell) or MHC
II (APC)
second signal: IL2 released from helper T cells CD4 stimulates
cytotoxic T cell CD8.
-activated cytotoxic T cells proliferate and differentiate. some
become activated cytotoxic T cells while others become memory
cytotoxic T cells. (activated upon re exposure to same antigen)
active vs passive immunity Correct Answers Active =
individual has memory cells - can make their own antibodies &
provides long term immunity. Naturally acquired through
environmental exposure to pathogens. Induced through vaccines
containing pathogens
Passive = person given antibodies, these work then die, no long
term immunity, no memory cells. Naturally acquired antibodies
acquired from the mother. Induced by an injection of antibodies
adjusting cardiodynamics Correct Answers autonomic
innervation:
-both sympathetic and parasymphathetic branches of the
autonomic nervous system innervate SA node and AV node
(affecting HR) and myocardium (affecting SV);
-cardiac centers in brain monitor blood pressure via
baroreceptors as well as arterial O2 and CO2 levels via
chemoreceptors
cardiac center includes: cardioacceleratory center (via the
cardiac nerve) controls sympathetic neurons (increases heart
rate-positive chronotropic effect)
1. activation of T cells (cell attack vs activation of B and T cells)
via... Correct Answers ... MHC mediated antigen presentation
depends on specific "clusters of differentiation" or CD markers
1. CD markers Correct Answers clusters of differentiation
markers
-in T cell membranes, molecular mechanism of antigen
recognition, more than 70 types: designated by an identifying
number
1. CD8 or CD4 Correct Answers bind to CD3 receptor
complex, prepare cell for activation
-cd4: found on helper T cells, suppressor (regulatory) T cells -
respond to antigens on class II MHC proteins
-cd8: found on cytotoxic T cells -respond to antigens on Class I
MHC proteins. also found on suppressor (regulatory ) T cells,
memory cells
1. T cells and cell mediated immunity:
-cytotoxic T cells
helper T cells
suppressor T cells Correct Answers -attack cells infected by
viruses, responsible for cell-mediated immunity
-stimulate function of T cells and B cells
-inhibit function of T cells and B cells
3 stages of fever Correct Answers onset, stadium,
defervescence
,3 types, continuous, fenestrated, sinusoids Correct Answers
continuous: most common, limited movement across cells;
permit diffusion of water, small solutes and lipid soluble
materials. prevents formed elements and plasma proteins from
crossing
fenestrated: complete/continuous endothelial lining and
basement membrane, contains pores, permit exchange of water
and larger solultes, found in small intestine, choroid plexus,
endocrine organs, kidneys
sinusoid: incomplete lining of endothelial cells with large
openings and gaps, found in live, spleen, red bone marrow,
endocrine organs. permit free exchange of water and large
plasma proteins and formed elements between blood and
interstitial fluid
actions of Ab binding to antigen includes: Correct Answers
neutralization (masks active sites of toxins)
agglutination
precipitation (facilitates removal via phagocytosis)
actions of Ab binding to antigen includes: activate complement,
act as opsonins- facilitate phagocytosis, activate NK cells
activation of B cells Correct Answers B-lymphocytes need to be
activated, but can respond to antigens outside of cells
first signal: intact antigen binds to BCR, cross linking 2 BCRs
stimulated B-cell engulfs, processes, and presents antigen via
MHC II (exogenous pathway) to CD4 cells for recognition
second signal: activated CD4 cells releases IL-4, stimulating B
cell
, activation of cytotoxic t cells Correct Answers first signal:
direct contact between TCR of cytotoxic T-cell (CD8) and
peptide fragment with MCH I molecule (infected cell) or MHC
II (APC)
second signal: IL2 released from helper T cells CD4 stimulates
cytotoxic T cell CD8.
-activated cytotoxic T cells proliferate and differentiate. some
become activated cytotoxic T cells while others become memory
cytotoxic T cells. (activated upon re exposure to same antigen)
active vs passive immunity Correct Answers Active =
individual has memory cells - can make their own antibodies &
provides long term immunity. Naturally acquired through
environmental exposure to pathogens. Induced through vaccines
containing pathogens
Passive = person given antibodies, these work then die, no long
term immunity, no memory cells. Naturally acquired antibodies
acquired from the mother. Induced by an injection of antibodies
adjusting cardiodynamics Correct Answers autonomic
innervation:
-both sympathetic and parasymphathetic branches of the
autonomic nervous system innervate SA node and AV node
(affecting HR) and myocardium (affecting SV);
-cardiac centers in brain monitor blood pressure via
baroreceptors as well as arterial O2 and CO2 levels via
chemoreceptors
cardiac center includes: cardioacceleratory center (via the
cardiac nerve) controls sympathetic neurons (increases heart
rate-positive chronotropic effect)
