NYSTCE Multi-Subject Teachers of
Childhood (grades 1-6) – 245
Methodology - ANSWER-hypothesize a result
plan a controlled experiment
collect data
draw conclusion
revisit hypothesis to answer question
Lab report - ANSWER-abstract (summary of report at beginning)
purpose (defines/states the problem)
hypothesis (educated guess of outcome)
observations (recorded outcomes)
conclusion (why results proved/disproved hypothesis)
Graphs - ANSWER-Y-axis - vertical (independent)
X-axis - horizontal (dependent)
Scientific Model - ANSWER-Must be able to be tested and verified using experimental
data
Control - ANSWER-In an experiment, the standard that is used for comparison
Constants - ANSWER-Conditions that stay the same in the experiment
Should be more constants than variables
Independent Variable - ANSWER-The experimental factor that is manipulated; the
variable whose effect is being studied.
Ex: I can change the temp in this experiment (independent), but I can't control the rate
bacteria will grow now (dependent)
Variable - ANSWER-A factor that can change in an experiment
Validity of Conclusions - ANSWER-Results must be reproducible meaning they're
reliable
Photosynthesis - ANSWER-Plants use the sun's energy to convert water and carbon
dioxide into sugars (glucose)
, Animals eat the plants to get carbon
Animals release CO2 through respiration
Phosphorus cycle - ANSWER-Urine and decayed matter return it to Earth
Nitrogen cycle - ANSWER-The transfer of nitrogen from the atmosphere to the soil, to
living organisms, and back to the atmosphere (80%)
Natural selection - ANSWER-A process in which individuals that have certain inherited
traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of
those traits
Evolution - ANSWER-Change in a kind of organism over time; process by which
modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms
Biomes - ANSWER-A broad, regional type of ecosystem characterized by distinctive
climate and soil conditions and a distinctive kind of biological community adapted to
those conditions
Marine Zones - ANSWER-Intertidal: tide line to edge of water
Littoral: water's edge to open sea (coral reef habitats)
Open Sea = pelagic and epipelagic (more sunlight)
Benthic: ocean floor, bottom feeders
Succession - ANSWER-A series of predictable and orderly changes within an
ecosystem over time
Replacing a damaged community or beginning one where no life lived before
Primary vs secondary succession - ANSWER-1 - development of communities in a
lifeless area not previously inhabited by life or has been wiped out by a natural disaster
2 - life progresses where soil remains (clear cut forest, fire) a community once
flourished here but was disturbed, not totally stripped
Parasitism - ANSWER-A relationship between two organisms of different species where
one benefits and the other is harmed
Commenalism - ANSWER-A symbiotic relationship where on organism benefits and the
other neither is harmed nor benefited
Mutualism - ANSWER-A relationship between two species in which both species benefit
Childhood (grades 1-6) – 245
Methodology - ANSWER-hypothesize a result
plan a controlled experiment
collect data
draw conclusion
revisit hypothesis to answer question
Lab report - ANSWER-abstract (summary of report at beginning)
purpose (defines/states the problem)
hypothesis (educated guess of outcome)
observations (recorded outcomes)
conclusion (why results proved/disproved hypothesis)
Graphs - ANSWER-Y-axis - vertical (independent)
X-axis - horizontal (dependent)
Scientific Model - ANSWER-Must be able to be tested and verified using experimental
data
Control - ANSWER-In an experiment, the standard that is used for comparison
Constants - ANSWER-Conditions that stay the same in the experiment
Should be more constants than variables
Independent Variable - ANSWER-The experimental factor that is manipulated; the
variable whose effect is being studied.
Ex: I can change the temp in this experiment (independent), but I can't control the rate
bacteria will grow now (dependent)
Variable - ANSWER-A factor that can change in an experiment
Validity of Conclusions - ANSWER-Results must be reproducible meaning they're
reliable
Photosynthesis - ANSWER-Plants use the sun's energy to convert water and carbon
dioxide into sugars (glucose)
, Animals eat the plants to get carbon
Animals release CO2 through respiration
Phosphorus cycle - ANSWER-Urine and decayed matter return it to Earth
Nitrogen cycle - ANSWER-The transfer of nitrogen from the atmosphere to the soil, to
living organisms, and back to the atmosphere (80%)
Natural selection - ANSWER-A process in which individuals that have certain inherited
traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of
those traits
Evolution - ANSWER-Change in a kind of organism over time; process by which
modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms
Biomes - ANSWER-A broad, regional type of ecosystem characterized by distinctive
climate and soil conditions and a distinctive kind of biological community adapted to
those conditions
Marine Zones - ANSWER-Intertidal: tide line to edge of water
Littoral: water's edge to open sea (coral reef habitats)
Open Sea = pelagic and epipelagic (more sunlight)
Benthic: ocean floor, bottom feeders
Succession - ANSWER-A series of predictable and orderly changes within an
ecosystem over time
Replacing a damaged community or beginning one where no life lived before
Primary vs secondary succession - ANSWER-1 - development of communities in a
lifeless area not previously inhabited by life or has been wiped out by a natural disaster
2 - life progresses where soil remains (clear cut forest, fire) a community once
flourished here but was disturbed, not totally stripped
Parasitism - ANSWER-A relationship between two organisms of different species where
one benefits and the other is harmed
Commenalism - ANSWER-A symbiotic relationship where on organism benefits and the
other neither is harmed nor benefited
Mutualism - ANSWER-A relationship between two species in which both species benefit
