FNDH 400 EXAM 1 | 221 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION!!
Carbohydrates are made of - (ANSWER)Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
Proteins are made of - (ANSWER)Carbon, Hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
Lipids include - (ANSWER)fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids
Lipids are made of - (ANSWER)Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
Macronutrients definition - (ANSWER)Nutrients needed in large amounts
Micronutrients definition - (ANSWER)Nutrients needed in smaller amounts but still important
What are the macronutrients? - (ANSWER)Carbs, Proteins, Lipids, Water
What are the micronutrients? - (ANSWER)Vitamins and minerals
What is a vitamin - (ANSWER)COMPOUNDS essential for normal physiological processes
What is a mineral - (ANSWER)ELEMENTS essential for normal physiological processes in the body
What is a calorie? - (ANSWER)Energy needed to raise 1 g of water 1 degree C
How are kcals determined - (ANSWER)A food is put into a bomb calorimeter and the energy output is
determined by the heat produced
Kcal/g of the nutrients - (ANSWER)Carbs: 4
Proteins: 4
Lipids: 9
,FNDH 400 EXAM 1 | 221 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION!!
Vitamins, Minerals, Water: 0
Alcohol: 7 (but not a nutrient)
Phytochemical definition - (ANSWER)Compounds found in plants that are believed to provide healthy
benefits beyond the traditional nutrients
Phytochemical found in tomatoes that is thought to decrease cancer risk (esp. prostate) -
(ANSWER)Lycopene
Diets rich in _____ and ___ have been shown with a decreased rate in chronic diseases. -
(ANSWER)fruits and vegetables
Zoochemicals - (ANSWER)Compounds found in animals that are believed to provide healthy benefits
beyond the traditional nutrients
Compounds that are both phyto and zoochemicals - (ANSWER)Lutein and Zeaxanthin - yellow
carotenoids found in kale, spinach, and corn. or found in egg yolk
Functional food defintion - (ANSWER)A food, or food ingredient, that may provide a health benefit
beyond the traditional nutrients it contains
Scientific method - (ANSWER)
3 types of studies - (ANSWER)Cross-sectional: Present
Case-control: Past
Prospective cohort: future
Cross-sectional study - (ANSWER)Compare different populations at the same point in time
, FNDH 400 EXAM 1 | 221 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION!!
Example of a cross-sectional study - (ANSWER)French paradox. Despite consuming same amount of
cholesterol/saturated fat france had 5x lower death rate from coronary heart disease. Led to research
into resveratol (red wine)
Ecologic fallacy - (ANSWER)Believing that members of the group have characteristcs, which as
individuals they do not
Case control study - (ANSWER)Look at a group of cases vs controls
Retrospective
Often uses food frequency questionnaires
Prospective Cohort study - (ANSWER)Initial information on a group collected (food frequency
questionnaire) and then group is followed over time to quantify health outcomes of the individual
Framingham Heart Study - (ANSWER)Started in 1948
Following residents to identify risk factors for heart disease
Nurses Health Study - (ANSWER)Started in 1976
Every 4 years, 122k nurses are given food frequency questionnaires
Health Professionals Follow up study - (ANSWER)Started in 1986
51K male health professionals
Every 4 years, food frequency questionnaires
From the Health Professionals Follow Up study, what was determined - (ANSWER)Tomato sauce,
tomatoes, pizza, and strawberries had decreased incidence of prostate cancer
What did the foods have in common from the Health Professionals Follow Up Study? - (ANSWER)Tomato
--> Lycopene
Strawberries --> Anthocyanins
Carbohydrates are made of - (ANSWER)Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
Proteins are made of - (ANSWER)Carbon, Hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
Lipids include - (ANSWER)fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids
Lipids are made of - (ANSWER)Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
Macronutrients definition - (ANSWER)Nutrients needed in large amounts
Micronutrients definition - (ANSWER)Nutrients needed in smaller amounts but still important
What are the macronutrients? - (ANSWER)Carbs, Proteins, Lipids, Water
What are the micronutrients? - (ANSWER)Vitamins and minerals
What is a vitamin - (ANSWER)COMPOUNDS essential for normal physiological processes
What is a mineral - (ANSWER)ELEMENTS essential for normal physiological processes in the body
What is a calorie? - (ANSWER)Energy needed to raise 1 g of water 1 degree C
How are kcals determined - (ANSWER)A food is put into a bomb calorimeter and the energy output is
determined by the heat produced
Kcal/g of the nutrients - (ANSWER)Carbs: 4
Proteins: 4
Lipids: 9
,FNDH 400 EXAM 1 | 221 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION!!
Vitamins, Minerals, Water: 0
Alcohol: 7 (but not a nutrient)
Phytochemical definition - (ANSWER)Compounds found in plants that are believed to provide healthy
benefits beyond the traditional nutrients
Phytochemical found in tomatoes that is thought to decrease cancer risk (esp. prostate) -
(ANSWER)Lycopene
Diets rich in _____ and ___ have been shown with a decreased rate in chronic diseases. -
(ANSWER)fruits and vegetables
Zoochemicals - (ANSWER)Compounds found in animals that are believed to provide healthy benefits
beyond the traditional nutrients
Compounds that are both phyto and zoochemicals - (ANSWER)Lutein and Zeaxanthin - yellow
carotenoids found in kale, spinach, and corn. or found in egg yolk
Functional food defintion - (ANSWER)A food, or food ingredient, that may provide a health benefit
beyond the traditional nutrients it contains
Scientific method - (ANSWER)
3 types of studies - (ANSWER)Cross-sectional: Present
Case-control: Past
Prospective cohort: future
Cross-sectional study - (ANSWER)Compare different populations at the same point in time
, FNDH 400 EXAM 1 | 221 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION!!
Example of a cross-sectional study - (ANSWER)French paradox. Despite consuming same amount of
cholesterol/saturated fat france had 5x lower death rate from coronary heart disease. Led to research
into resveratol (red wine)
Ecologic fallacy - (ANSWER)Believing that members of the group have characteristcs, which as
individuals they do not
Case control study - (ANSWER)Look at a group of cases vs controls
Retrospective
Often uses food frequency questionnaires
Prospective Cohort study - (ANSWER)Initial information on a group collected (food frequency
questionnaire) and then group is followed over time to quantify health outcomes of the individual
Framingham Heart Study - (ANSWER)Started in 1948
Following residents to identify risk factors for heart disease
Nurses Health Study - (ANSWER)Started in 1976
Every 4 years, 122k nurses are given food frequency questionnaires
Health Professionals Follow up study - (ANSWER)Started in 1986
51K male health professionals
Every 4 years, food frequency questionnaires
From the Health Professionals Follow Up study, what was determined - (ANSWER)Tomato sauce,
tomatoes, pizza, and strawberries had decreased incidence of prostate cancer
What did the foods have in common from the Health Professionals Follow Up Study? - (ANSWER)Tomato
--> Lycopene
Strawberries --> Anthocyanins
