GALEN NUR 242 EXAM 2 COMPREHENSIVE
EXAM 2026 FULL SOLUTION QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ Hypercalcemia complication. Answer: coma
◉ Hypocalcemia complications. Answer: seizures, laryngospasm, VT
◉ Medications for hyper/hypocalcemia. Answer: Furosemide
Calcitonin
Pamidronate
•Nitrogen containing bisphosphonate used to treat osteoporosis
◉ Potassium. Answer: 3.5-5
◉ Hyperkalemia causes. Answer: •Acidosis, cellular lysis(burns,
injury, infection), medication maintain K+ in intravascular space,
potassium oral, rapid or high dose infusion of IV potassium, renal
failure, adrenal insufficiency, overuse of K+ salt substitute, use of K+
sparing diuretic, and hyperuricemia, ACE's
,◉ Hypokalemia causes. Answer: •rhea, vomiting, inadequate intake
of potassium, overuse of laxatives, low magnesium levels, massive
diuretic, side effect of insulin treatment with diabetic ketoacidosis,
stress, delirium tremens, coronary muscle necrosis, alkalosis, wound
drainage (GI), diaphoresis, kidney disease, water intoxication, NG
suction
◉ S/S of hyperkalemia. Answer: Asked about drug use
potassium supplements, ACEs, K+ sparing,
Palpation, irregularities rhythms, twitching leg weakness, tingling or
numbness of hands, feet, or face. ECG changes of tall, peaked T waves
GI: increase motility with diarrhea and hyperactive BS, BM are
frequent and watery
◉ S/S of hypokalemia. Answer: •Assess vital sign (irregular weak
thready pulses, shallow respiration, orthostatic hypotension)
•Observe for muscle weakness, leg weakness, paralytic ileus,
hyperglycemia, paralysis, anxiety, confusion, lethargy, paresthesia,
depressed deep tendon reflexes
◉ Hyperkalemia ECG changes. Answer: peaked T waves, prolonged
PR interval, ST depression, loss of p waves, prolonged QRS
◉ Hypokalemia ECG changes. Answer: •ST depression, flattened T
wave, prolonged QRS, PVCs
, ◉ Hyperkalemia interventions. Answer: •Determine and manage
underlying cause
•Decrease oral or IV intake of K+ (restrict diet)
•Potassium binding med
•IV infusion of insulin with glucose to force K+ into the cell and
reduce serum K+
•IV infusion of calcium gluconate or sodium bicarbonate to decrease
cellular cardiac excitability
•Dialysis
•Provide K+ restrict diet (avoid avocados, broccoli, dairy products,
bananas)
◉ hyperkalemia nutrition. Answer: •You should avoid organ meat,
preserved meat, dairy products, dried fruit, bananas, cantaloupe
•Vegetables: avocados, broccoli, dried bean or peas, potatoes,
spinach
◉ Hypokalemia interventions. Answer: •Oral and IV
supplementations
Ensure adequate gas exchange
Safety for falls prevention
Monitor signs and symptoms
Monitor lab values
EXAM 2026 FULL SOLUTION QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ Hypercalcemia complication. Answer: coma
◉ Hypocalcemia complications. Answer: seizures, laryngospasm, VT
◉ Medications for hyper/hypocalcemia. Answer: Furosemide
Calcitonin
Pamidronate
•Nitrogen containing bisphosphonate used to treat osteoporosis
◉ Potassium. Answer: 3.5-5
◉ Hyperkalemia causes. Answer: •Acidosis, cellular lysis(burns,
injury, infection), medication maintain K+ in intravascular space,
potassium oral, rapid or high dose infusion of IV potassium, renal
failure, adrenal insufficiency, overuse of K+ salt substitute, use of K+
sparing diuretic, and hyperuricemia, ACE's
,◉ Hypokalemia causes. Answer: •rhea, vomiting, inadequate intake
of potassium, overuse of laxatives, low magnesium levels, massive
diuretic, side effect of insulin treatment with diabetic ketoacidosis,
stress, delirium tremens, coronary muscle necrosis, alkalosis, wound
drainage (GI), diaphoresis, kidney disease, water intoxication, NG
suction
◉ S/S of hyperkalemia. Answer: Asked about drug use
potassium supplements, ACEs, K+ sparing,
Palpation, irregularities rhythms, twitching leg weakness, tingling or
numbness of hands, feet, or face. ECG changes of tall, peaked T waves
GI: increase motility with diarrhea and hyperactive BS, BM are
frequent and watery
◉ S/S of hypokalemia. Answer: •Assess vital sign (irregular weak
thready pulses, shallow respiration, orthostatic hypotension)
•Observe for muscle weakness, leg weakness, paralytic ileus,
hyperglycemia, paralysis, anxiety, confusion, lethargy, paresthesia,
depressed deep tendon reflexes
◉ Hyperkalemia ECG changes. Answer: peaked T waves, prolonged
PR interval, ST depression, loss of p waves, prolonged QRS
◉ Hypokalemia ECG changes. Answer: •ST depression, flattened T
wave, prolonged QRS, PVCs
, ◉ Hyperkalemia interventions. Answer: •Determine and manage
underlying cause
•Decrease oral or IV intake of K+ (restrict diet)
•Potassium binding med
•IV infusion of insulin with glucose to force K+ into the cell and
reduce serum K+
•IV infusion of calcium gluconate or sodium bicarbonate to decrease
cellular cardiac excitability
•Dialysis
•Provide K+ restrict diet (avoid avocados, broccoli, dairy products,
bananas)
◉ hyperkalemia nutrition. Answer: •You should avoid organ meat,
preserved meat, dairy products, dried fruit, bananas, cantaloupe
•Vegetables: avocados, broccoli, dried bean or peas, potatoes,
spinach
◉ Hypokalemia interventions. Answer: •Oral and IV
supplementations
Ensure adequate gas exchange
Safety for falls prevention
Monitor signs and symptoms
Monitor lab values
