URI BIO 220 Final Exam Questions and Correct Answers/ Latest Update / Already Graded

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URI BIO 220 Final Exam Questions and
Correct Answers/ Latest Update / Already
Graded
Neuroglia (glial cells)

Ans: Essential to survival and function of neurons
Preserve structure of nervous tissue


Central Nervous System (CNS)

Ans: Associated with the brain and the spinal cord
Consists of nervous tissue, connective tissue, and blood vessels
Functions to process and coordinate sensory data from inside
and outside body
Motor commands control activities of peripheral organs (e.g.,
skeletal muscles)
Higher functions of brain include intelligence, memory,
learning, and emotion


Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Ans: Associated with the tissue outside the CNS
Includes all nervous tissue outside CNS and ENS
Delivers sensory information to the CNS

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Carries motor commands to peripheral tissues


Nerves

Ans: Bundles of axons with connective tissues and blood
vessels
Carry sensory information and motor commands


Cranial nerves

Ans: Connect to brain


Spinal nerves

Ans: Attach to spinal cord


Afferent division

Ans: Carries sensory information
From receptors in peripheral tissues and organs to CNS


Efferent division

Ans: Carries motor commands
From CNS to muscles, glands, and adipose tissue

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Receptors

Ans: Detect changes or respond to stimuli
May be neurons or specialized cells
May be single cells or complex sensory organs (e.g., eyes, ears)


Effectors

Ans: Target organs that respond to motor commands


Somatic nervous system (SNS)

Ans: Controls skeletal muscle contractions
Both voluntary and involuntary (reflexes)


Autonomic nervous system (ANS)

Ans: Controls subconscious actions, contractions of smooth
and cardiac muscle, and glandular secretions
Sympathetic division has a stimulating effect
Parasympathetic division has a relaxing effect


Gray matter


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Ans: Ganglia are collections of neuron bodies in the PNS


White matter

Ans: Nerves - Buncles of axons in the PNS


Enteric nervous system (ENS)

Ans: 100 million neurons in walls of digestive tract
As many or more than in spinal cord
Use the same neurotransmitters as the brain
Initiates and coordinates visceral reflexes locally
Without instructions from CNS
Can be influenced by ANS


Overview of nervous system

Ans:


Neurons

Ans: Basic functional units of the nervous system
Send and receive signals



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