GISP Study Reviewed Complete
Questions with Latest
2025/2026 Correct Answers
Solved
1. Georeferencing
- ANS - 101- associating a map or image with spatial location
2. control points
- ANS - 101- points come in pairs that match the spatial location
with a point on an unreferenced image or map
3. Spatial Reference Systems (SRS)
- ANS - 101- coordinate based local, regional, or global system used
to location geographical entities (aka Coordinate Reference System
(CRS))
4. Coordinate Reference System (CRS)
- ANS - 101- coordinate based local, regional, or global system used
to location geographical entities (aka Spatial Reference Systems
(SRS))
5. International Terrestrial Reference System (ITRS)
- ANS - 101- a three-dimensional coordinate system with a well-
, defined origin (the center of mass of the Earth) and three
orthogonal coordinate axes (X,Y,Z)
6. Map projection
- ANS - 101- transforming coordinated from a curved surface (Earth)
to a flat map
7. Horizontal datum
- ANS - 101- model of the earth as a spheroid (2 components,
reference ellipsoid and a set of survey points both the shape of the
spheroid and its position relative to the earth)
8. Vertical Datum
- ANS - 101- reference point for measuring elevations
9. NAVD88
- ANS - 101- Gravity based geodetic datum in North America
10. WGS 84 (World Geodetic System)
- ANS - 101- reference coordinate system used by the Global
Positioning System (GPS)
11. SRID integer
- ANS - 101- Spatial reference system id numbers, including EPSG
codes defined by the International Association of Oil and Gas
Producers
,12. types of distortion
- ANS - 101- Distance, Direction, Shape, Area (sometimes bearing
and scale)
13. Mercator Projection- distortions
- ANS - 101- preserves shape and direction, area gets distorted
14. Mercator Projection
- ANS - 101- projecting the Earth onto a cylinder tangent to a
meridian
15. Azimuthal Projection- distortions
- ANS - 101- distance from center is true, other properties distort
with distance
16. Azimuthal Projection
- ANS - 101- planar or tangent (meaning they are formed when a flat
piece of paper is placed on top of the globe and a light source
projects the surrounding areas on to a map.) Either the North Pole
or the South pole is orientated at the center of the map, giving the
viewer an impression of looking up or down at Earth.
17. Cylindrical Projection- distortions
- ANS - 101- preserve area and shape, distance gets distorted,
especially on upper and lower regions of the map
18. Cylindrical Projection
- ANS - 101- 2 types Tangent (1 intersect) and Secant (2 intersects)
, 19. Straight meridians and parallels
20. meridians are equally spaced while parallels are not
21. Conical Projection- distortions
- ANS - 101- preserves direction and area in limited areas, distorts
distance and scale except along standard parallels
22. Conic Projections
- ANS - 101- mapped to equally spaced lines by projecting a
spherical surface onto a cone
23. Choosing a Projection- Low LATITUDE, (near Equator)
- ANS - 101- use conical projection
24. Choosing a Projection- High LATITUDE, Polar Regions
- ANS - 101- use azimuthal planar projections
25. Choosing a Projection- EXTENT, broad East-West (e.g. USA)
- ANS - 101- use conical projection
26. Choosing a Projection- EXTENT, broad North-South (e.g.
Africa)
- ANS - 101- use transverse-case cylindrical projection
27. Choosing a Projection- THEMATIC, analysis that compares
different values in different locations
- ANS - 101- use an equal-area projection
Questions with Latest
2025/2026 Correct Answers
Solved
1. Georeferencing
- ANS - 101- associating a map or image with spatial location
2. control points
- ANS - 101- points come in pairs that match the spatial location
with a point on an unreferenced image or map
3. Spatial Reference Systems (SRS)
- ANS - 101- coordinate based local, regional, or global system used
to location geographical entities (aka Coordinate Reference System
(CRS))
4. Coordinate Reference System (CRS)
- ANS - 101- coordinate based local, regional, or global system used
to location geographical entities (aka Spatial Reference Systems
(SRS))
5. International Terrestrial Reference System (ITRS)
- ANS - 101- a three-dimensional coordinate system with a well-
, defined origin (the center of mass of the Earth) and three
orthogonal coordinate axes (X,Y,Z)
6. Map projection
- ANS - 101- transforming coordinated from a curved surface (Earth)
to a flat map
7. Horizontal datum
- ANS - 101- model of the earth as a spheroid (2 components,
reference ellipsoid and a set of survey points both the shape of the
spheroid and its position relative to the earth)
8. Vertical Datum
- ANS - 101- reference point for measuring elevations
9. NAVD88
- ANS - 101- Gravity based geodetic datum in North America
10. WGS 84 (World Geodetic System)
- ANS - 101- reference coordinate system used by the Global
Positioning System (GPS)
11. SRID integer
- ANS - 101- Spatial reference system id numbers, including EPSG
codes defined by the International Association of Oil and Gas
Producers
,12. types of distortion
- ANS - 101- Distance, Direction, Shape, Area (sometimes bearing
and scale)
13. Mercator Projection- distortions
- ANS - 101- preserves shape and direction, area gets distorted
14. Mercator Projection
- ANS - 101- projecting the Earth onto a cylinder tangent to a
meridian
15. Azimuthal Projection- distortions
- ANS - 101- distance from center is true, other properties distort
with distance
16. Azimuthal Projection
- ANS - 101- planar or tangent (meaning they are formed when a flat
piece of paper is placed on top of the globe and a light source
projects the surrounding areas on to a map.) Either the North Pole
or the South pole is orientated at the center of the map, giving the
viewer an impression of looking up or down at Earth.
17. Cylindrical Projection- distortions
- ANS - 101- preserve area and shape, distance gets distorted,
especially on upper and lower regions of the map
18. Cylindrical Projection
- ANS - 101- 2 types Tangent (1 intersect) and Secant (2 intersects)
, 19. Straight meridians and parallels
20. meridians are equally spaced while parallels are not
21. Conical Projection- distortions
- ANS - 101- preserves direction and area in limited areas, distorts
distance and scale except along standard parallels
22. Conic Projections
- ANS - 101- mapped to equally spaced lines by projecting a
spherical surface onto a cone
23. Choosing a Projection- Low LATITUDE, (near Equator)
- ANS - 101- use conical projection
24. Choosing a Projection- High LATITUDE, Polar Regions
- ANS - 101- use azimuthal planar projections
25. Choosing a Projection- EXTENT, broad East-West (e.g. USA)
- ANS - 101- use conical projection
26. Choosing a Projection- EXTENT, broad North-South (e.g.
Africa)
- ANS - 101- use transverse-case cylindrical projection
27. Choosing a Projection- THEMATIC, analysis that compares
different values in different locations
- ANS - 101- use an equal-area projection
