Correct Answers 2025-2026 Updated.
1.1 A constraint - Answer limits or permits movement
discourages or encourages movement
can be positive or negative
1.2 A longitudinal research study involves observing the same individual or group - Answer
on numerous occasions over a long period
1.3 An increase in weight is an example of - Answer physical growth
1.4 Functional constraints relate to behavioral function. Which of the following is an example of
a functional constraint? - Answer attentional focus
1.5 Physical growth and maturation are an example of which type of constraint of Newell's
model? - Answer structural
1.6 Physiological ________________ is a qualitative advance in biological makeup that often
makes it difficult to tell the differences in individuals from observation alone. - Answer
maturation
1.7 Research participants are asked to throw darts to a target to measure accuracy. The
participants throw from three distances: 5 feet, 10 feet, and 15 feet. The distance of the throw
is an example of what kind of constraint? - Answer task
1.8 The observation that many children perform many of the same motor skills while
demonstrating individual differences highlights which two concepts in motor development? -
Answer universality versus variability
1.9 Which of the following is a component of the definition of development? - Answer
Development is a continuous process.
Development is related to (but not dependent on age).
, 2.1 Arnold Gesell, a proponent of the maturational perspective, explained maturation as a
process controlled by ____________ rather than ____________ factors. - Answer internal;
external
2.2 The dynamic systems approach differs from the maturational perspective in which of the
following ways? - Answer Dynamic systems focuses on many systems that contribute to
development, while the maturational perspective focuses on only one (role of the central
nervous system).
Dynamic systems allows for the study of development across the life span, while the
maturational perspective does not.
2.3 The ecological perspective emphasizes the ______________ between the individual, the
environment, and the task. - Answer interaction
interrelatedness
interrelationships
2.4 The information processing perspective holds that the human brain acts like a - Answer
computer
2.5 The maturational perspective explains developmental change as a function of maturational
processes, in particular through the development of the _______________. - Answer central
nervous system
2.6 The normative descriptive period emphasized the ________ of development rather than the
developmental ____________ of movement. - Answer products; processes
2.7 The perception-action approach uses which of the following terms? - Answer body
scaling and affordance
2.8 The terms soft assembly, rate limiters, and controllers are related to which perspective of
development? - Answer dynamic systems
2.9 Which of the following are the two branches of the ecological perspective? - Answer
dynamic systems and perception-action
2.10 Which researcher led the biomechanical descriptive period? - Answer Ruth Glassow