COMPILED ITEMS EXAM CLEARED 2026.
◍ Adjusted R2: Answer:The statistical measure of how close the data
are to the fitted regression line adjusted for the number of subjects
and variables.
◍ Alpha level (_-level): Answer:The p-value defined by the
researcher as being statistically significant. It is the chance that the
researcher is willing to take of committing a type I error. The most
commonly used _-levels are .05, .01, and .10.
◍ Alpha: Answer:The probability of making a type I error.
◍ Alternative hypothesis (Ha) : Answer:The hypothesis that states a
statistically significant relationship exists between the variables. It is
the hypothesis opposite to the null hypothesis. It is also referred to as
the "acting" hypothesis or the research hypothesis.
◍ Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) : Answer:An analysis of
variance technique that allows comparison of group means after
controlling for the effect of the covariate. Used for two-group pre-
test/post-test where the pre-test is treated as a covariate to 'control' for
pre-existing differences between the groups. Variables: one or two
categorical IVs; one continuous DV; one continuous covariate.
,◍ MANCOVA Answer:The multivariate extension of ANCOVA
where the DVs are adjusted for by one or more continuous covariates
to remove their relationship from the DV before assessing differences
on the Ivs. Variables: 2 ore more categorical Ivs, 2 or more related
DVs, one or more covariates.
◍ Analysis of variance (ANOVA): Answer:A parametric statistical
technique used to compare the means of three or more groups as
defined by one or more factors.
◍ MANOVA - One-Two way Answer:A parametric statistical
technique used to compare the means of three or more groups as
defined by one or more factors. Tests differences among two or more
groups on a combination of DVs. Creates a new summary DV which
is a linear combination of each of the original DVs. Variables: 2 or
more categorical IVs, 2 or more related DVs.
◍ Analysis of variance (ANOVA) - 1 way Answer:A parametric
statistical technique used to compare the means of three or more
groups as defined by one or more factors. Variables: One categorical
IV (nominal, ordinal data) with 3 or more categories with One
continuous DV (dependent variable that is ratio or interval data).
◍ Analysis of variance (ANOVA) - 2 way Answer:A parametric
statistical technique used to compare the means of three or more
groups as defined by one or more factors. Variables: Two categorical
IV (nominal, ordinal data) with 3 or more categories with One
continuous DV (dependent variable that is ratio or interval data).
, ◍ Analysis of variance (ANOVA) - Between-Within Answer:A
parametric statistical technique used to compare the means of three or
more groups as defined by one or more factors. Variables: One
categorical IV (nominal, ordinal data) between 2 or more groups IV
and one categorical IV within groups (1 group measured 2 or more
times) and One continuous DV (dependent variable that is ratio or
interval data).
◍ Bar graph: Answer:A graph used for nominal or ordinal data. A
space separates the bars.
◍ Bell shaped: Answer:A graphical shape, typical of the normal
distribution.
◍ Beta (_-level): Answer:The probability of making a type II error.
Between-group variance: A measure of the deviation of group means
from the grand mean.
◍ Beta coefficients: Answer:In a regression equation, theses are the
estimates resulting from an analysis performed on variables that have
been standardized so that they have variances of 1.
◍ Biserial correlation: Answer:A technique used when one variable is
dichotomized and the other is continuous to estimate what the
correlation between the two variables would be if the dichotomized
variable were continuous.