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Full guide to mastering Interactions within the ecosystem

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These notes on Interactions Within the Ecosystem are clear, precise, and fully comprehensive, covering every required keyword and definition such as population, community, habitat, ecosystem, predator–prey relationship, competition, mutualism, parasitism, food chain, food web, energy flow and more. All explanations are separated by sub-topics but written in a smooth, easy-to-understand way, with many examples to support concepts like predator-prey cycles, competition between organisms, mutualism, and the effects of human activities on ecosystems. Every definition and scientific term is included, making these notes extremely complete and exam-ready making this set ideal for students who want accurate, detailed, high-quality notes that cover the full chapter.

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Uploaded on
December 11, 2025
Number of pages
4
Written in
2024/2025
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Class notes
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How do our actions impact the environment

Actions that affect the environment negatively :
-​ Wasting food → wasting earth’s limited resources like water, energy and minerals which
are used to grow crops
-​ Using more electricity → more fuel burned (natural gas), more carbon dioxide given out,




n
climate change
-​ Using more water → Fresh water is limited and as consumption of water increases, fresh
water becomes depleted more quickly




hi
-​ Creating excessive waste → More waste needs to be disposed of. Improper disposal of
water pollutes air, water and land




ut
Actions that affect the environment positively
-​ Reducing the use of fossil fuels → Using energy efficient appliances and take public
transportation
-​ Reducing consumption → minimising the use of paper, reusing items and recycling. It




sr
reduces the needs for raw materials such as wood which reduces deforestation
-​ Introducing environmentally friendly practices → reduces emissions of greenhouse
gases
-​ Reforestation → protects soil which stores carbon. When plants take in carbon dioxide
during photosynthesis and they also store carbon to reduce amount of carbon dioxide
sh
How does an environment influence the survival of organisms

Physical factors : air, water, temperature, light, minerals, acidity / alkalinity ( can be measured
using data loggers and probes )
e

Hot desert : life is not abundant as few plants and animals can survive the extreme
temperatures and lack of water
an


Cold desert : Only plants that have shallow root systems and mature quickly can survive long
periods of darkness in winter. They grow in a thin layer of soil that is free from ice

Adaptations in organisms :
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Structural - physical characteristics
Behavioural - different behaviours to survive in a habitat


How an environment affects the adaptations traits of organisms living in it :
de




Rainforest
-​ Physical factors → warm, high humidity, rainfall is abundant and frequent, average temp
is high, large amount of sunlight at canopy but little at the ground, plenty of minerals
found near surface of soil, soil is acidic
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