BIOD 331 Module 2: Latest Updated A+ Score
Guide
False, blood tests cannot make a diagnosis of cancer. Tissue biopsies can only
diagnose. Tumor markers are helpful to assess response to therapy or
reoccurrence.
Tissue biopsies are important because they help in diagnosing cancer and
histology.
S/S that a pt may present with that might indicate a cancer diagnosis is bleeding
or a wound that doesn’t heal.
2 systemic manifestations of cancer exhibited by cancer pts are weight loss and
anemia.
The TNM system helps classify cancers.
T stands for tumor characteristics and size. Local spread of the primary tumor
N stands for lymph nodes or sentinel nodes. Involvement of the regional lymph
nodes.
M stands for metastasis. Extent of metastatic involvement.
Surgery is an appropriate treatment for cancer if it is well-defined or small in size.
Surgery can also be helpful for prophylaxis and emergency situations.
3 possible adverse outcomes can be thrombocytopenia (risk of bleeding),
neutropenia (risk of infection) and anemia (fatigue)
Cell proliferation is increase number of cells. Process of cell division, where
new cell growth replace old cells. FALSE cell differentiation is when cells
become more specialized.
FALSE. Cell differentiation is when cells become more specialized through mitotic
division. Cell proliferation is the process of increasing cell numbers by mitotic
division.
Stem cells
Epithelial
, A polyp is a growth in the mucosal lining projecting from a mucosal surface such
as the intestine. It can be benign or malignant.
Protooncogenes
Tumor suppressor gene
1. Benign
2. Benign
3. Malignant
4. Benign
5. Malignant
6. Malignant
7. Benign
8. Malignant
9. Malignant
10. Benign
A sentinel node is the first node that the primary tumor drains into. The
extenet of the disease may be determined through lymphatic mapping and
sentinel lymph node biopsy. They will determine if it has spread to the lymph
system by using dye or tracer injected into the tumor to determine the first
lymph node. The lymph node is examined for the presence of cancer cells.
Family history is important because they can tell is the genetic risk factor of the
cancer. Hereditary can be a strong risk factor for cancer in some families.
Variable rate of growth (progressive and slow vs variable and rapid)
Spreads by metastasis
Mode of growth (expansion and encapsulated vs invasion and infiltrating)
Cell characteristics (well differentiated vs undifferentiated) Genes that
increase susceptibility to cancer include lack of cellular senescence
angiogenesis
mutations in growth factor signaling pathways
defects in DNA repair mechanisms evasion of
apoptosis metastasis and invasion obesity
heredity
Alcohol
Guide
False, blood tests cannot make a diagnosis of cancer. Tissue biopsies can only
diagnose. Tumor markers are helpful to assess response to therapy or
reoccurrence.
Tissue biopsies are important because they help in diagnosing cancer and
histology.
S/S that a pt may present with that might indicate a cancer diagnosis is bleeding
or a wound that doesn’t heal.
2 systemic manifestations of cancer exhibited by cancer pts are weight loss and
anemia.
The TNM system helps classify cancers.
T stands for tumor characteristics and size. Local spread of the primary tumor
N stands for lymph nodes or sentinel nodes. Involvement of the regional lymph
nodes.
M stands for metastasis. Extent of metastatic involvement.
Surgery is an appropriate treatment for cancer if it is well-defined or small in size.
Surgery can also be helpful for prophylaxis and emergency situations.
3 possible adverse outcomes can be thrombocytopenia (risk of bleeding),
neutropenia (risk of infection) and anemia (fatigue)
Cell proliferation is increase number of cells. Process of cell division, where
new cell growth replace old cells. FALSE cell differentiation is when cells
become more specialized.
FALSE. Cell differentiation is when cells become more specialized through mitotic
division. Cell proliferation is the process of increasing cell numbers by mitotic
division.
Stem cells
Epithelial
, A polyp is a growth in the mucosal lining projecting from a mucosal surface such
as the intestine. It can be benign or malignant.
Protooncogenes
Tumor suppressor gene
1. Benign
2. Benign
3. Malignant
4. Benign
5. Malignant
6. Malignant
7. Benign
8. Malignant
9. Malignant
10. Benign
A sentinel node is the first node that the primary tumor drains into. The
extenet of the disease may be determined through lymphatic mapping and
sentinel lymph node biopsy. They will determine if it has spread to the lymph
system by using dye or tracer injected into the tumor to determine the first
lymph node. The lymph node is examined for the presence of cancer cells.
Family history is important because they can tell is the genetic risk factor of the
cancer. Hereditary can be a strong risk factor for cancer in some families.
Variable rate of growth (progressive and slow vs variable and rapid)
Spreads by metastasis
Mode of growth (expansion and encapsulated vs invasion and infiltrating)
Cell characteristics (well differentiated vs undifferentiated) Genes that
increase susceptibility to cancer include lack of cellular senescence
angiogenesis
mutations in growth factor signaling pathways
defects in DNA repair mechanisms evasion of
apoptosis metastasis and invasion obesity
heredity
Alcohol
