URI BIO 220 Exam 2 Questions with Correct Answers Latest Update 2025/2026
What are the three main components of the skeletal system? - Answers Bones, cartilage, and
ligaments.
What is the primary function of bones? - Answers Support, protection, movement, storage, and
blood cell production.
What type of cartilage is found in the nose and ears? - Answers Hyaline cartilage.
What is the role of ligaments in the skeletal system? - Answers Ligaments connect bone to bone
and allow some movement while preventing excessive movement.
What is the difference between spongy and compact bone? - Answers Compact bone is dense
and forms the outer layer, while spongy bone is lighter and found inside bones, containing
trabeculae.
What are the two processes of bone development? - Answers Intramembranous ossification
and endochondral ossification.
What is the function of osteoblasts? - Answers Osteoblasts form bone by depositing calcium
phosphate crystals into the matrix.
What do osteocytes do? - Answers Osteocytes maintain the bone matrix and are connected at
gap junctions.
What is the role of osteoclasts? - Answers Osteoclasts resorb bone by breaking down the matrix
through exocytosis.
What is the extracellular matrix of bone tissue composed of? - Answers 35% protein and 65%
mineral content, including collagen and proteoglycans.
What is the significance of the epiphyseal plate? - Answers The epiphyseal plate is where bone
growth occurs and eventually closes between ages 12-25.
What is the medullary cavity? - Answers The medullary cavity is the central cavity of bone where
blood cell formation occurs.
What are the structural differences between long bones and flat bones? - Answers Long bones
have a diaphysis and epiphyses, while flat bones are thin and often curved.
What are the types of cartilage growth? - Answers Appositional growth (growth from the outside)
and interstitial growth (growth from within).
What is the function of the periosteum? - Answers The periosteum is a connective tissue
membrane that covers the outer surface of bones and contains blood vessels and nerves.
, What is the role of the endosteum? - Answers The endosteum is a single-layer connective tissue
that lines all internal spaces of bones.
What is trabeculae? - Answers Trabeculae are the small, rod-like structures in spongy bone that
provide structural support.
What is the central canal in an osteon? - Answers The central (Haversian) canal contains blood
vessels and nerves that supply the bone.
What are the components of the extracellular bone matrix? - Answers Collagen fibers for
strength and proteoglycans for hydration and resilience.
What is mesenchyme? - Answers Mesenchyme is embryonic connective tissue that gives rise to
cartilage and bone.
What is the function of cartilage in the skeletal system? - Answers Cartilage provides flexibility
and support, and reduces friction at joints.
What are the three types of bone cells? - Answers Osteoblasts (form bone), osteocytes
(maintain bone), and osteoclasts (break down bone).
What are the two types of bone growth? - Answers Lateral and circumferential bone growth.
How does mechanical stress affect bone remodeling? - Answers Increased mechanical stress
leads to increased osteoblast activity.
What is the growth plate also known as? - Answers The epiphyseal plate.
At what age does the epiphyseal plate typically close? - Answers Between 12-25 years old.
What are the main factors affecting bone growth? - Answers Genetics, nutrients, and hormones.
Which vitamin is necessary for calcium absorption in the intestine? - Answers Vitamin D.
What role does growth hormone play in bone development? - Answers It stimulates cartilage
and bone growth.
What is the function of the periosteum? - Answers It is a connective tissue membrane that
covers the outer surface of bones.
What is the endosteum? - Answers A single-layer connective tissue that lines all internal spaces
of bones.
What is the role of osteoblasts? - Answers They are responsible for bone formation.
What is the role of osteoclasts? - Answers They are responsible for bone resorption.
What hormones are involved in calcium homeostasis? - Answers Parathyroid hormone, calcitriol
What are the three main components of the skeletal system? - Answers Bones, cartilage, and
ligaments.
What is the primary function of bones? - Answers Support, protection, movement, storage, and
blood cell production.
What type of cartilage is found in the nose and ears? - Answers Hyaline cartilage.
What is the role of ligaments in the skeletal system? - Answers Ligaments connect bone to bone
and allow some movement while preventing excessive movement.
What is the difference between spongy and compact bone? - Answers Compact bone is dense
and forms the outer layer, while spongy bone is lighter and found inside bones, containing
trabeculae.
What are the two processes of bone development? - Answers Intramembranous ossification
and endochondral ossification.
What is the function of osteoblasts? - Answers Osteoblasts form bone by depositing calcium
phosphate crystals into the matrix.
What do osteocytes do? - Answers Osteocytes maintain the bone matrix and are connected at
gap junctions.
What is the role of osteoclasts? - Answers Osteoclasts resorb bone by breaking down the matrix
through exocytosis.
What is the extracellular matrix of bone tissue composed of? - Answers 35% protein and 65%
mineral content, including collagen and proteoglycans.
What is the significance of the epiphyseal plate? - Answers The epiphyseal plate is where bone
growth occurs and eventually closes between ages 12-25.
What is the medullary cavity? - Answers The medullary cavity is the central cavity of bone where
blood cell formation occurs.
What are the structural differences between long bones and flat bones? - Answers Long bones
have a diaphysis and epiphyses, while flat bones are thin and often curved.
What are the types of cartilage growth? - Answers Appositional growth (growth from the outside)
and interstitial growth (growth from within).
What is the function of the periosteum? - Answers The periosteum is a connective tissue
membrane that covers the outer surface of bones and contains blood vessels and nerves.
, What is the role of the endosteum? - Answers The endosteum is a single-layer connective tissue
that lines all internal spaces of bones.
What is trabeculae? - Answers Trabeculae are the small, rod-like structures in spongy bone that
provide structural support.
What is the central canal in an osteon? - Answers The central (Haversian) canal contains blood
vessels and nerves that supply the bone.
What are the components of the extracellular bone matrix? - Answers Collagen fibers for
strength and proteoglycans for hydration and resilience.
What is mesenchyme? - Answers Mesenchyme is embryonic connective tissue that gives rise to
cartilage and bone.
What is the function of cartilage in the skeletal system? - Answers Cartilage provides flexibility
and support, and reduces friction at joints.
What are the three types of bone cells? - Answers Osteoblasts (form bone), osteocytes
(maintain bone), and osteoclasts (break down bone).
What are the two types of bone growth? - Answers Lateral and circumferential bone growth.
How does mechanical stress affect bone remodeling? - Answers Increased mechanical stress
leads to increased osteoblast activity.
What is the growth plate also known as? - Answers The epiphyseal plate.
At what age does the epiphyseal plate typically close? - Answers Between 12-25 years old.
What are the main factors affecting bone growth? - Answers Genetics, nutrients, and hormones.
Which vitamin is necessary for calcium absorption in the intestine? - Answers Vitamin D.
What role does growth hormone play in bone development? - Answers It stimulates cartilage
and bone growth.
What is the function of the periosteum? - Answers It is a connective tissue membrane that
covers the outer surface of bones.
What is the endosteum? - Answers A single-layer connective tissue that lines all internal spaces
of bones.
What is the role of osteoblasts? - Answers They are responsible for bone formation.
What is the role of osteoclasts? - Answers They are responsible for bone resorption.
What hormones are involved in calcium homeostasis? - Answers Parathyroid hormone, calcitriol
