NSG 530 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
ACTUAL EXAM SCRIPT 2026 QUESTIONS
WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ A young adult reports an abnormal curvature of his penis that has
existed since puberty but is getting worse and that intercourse is
painful. The client's statement supports which diagnosis?
A) Peyronie disease
B) Orchitis
C) Phimosis
D) Paraphimosis. Answer: Peyronie disease
◉ A sexually active male reports unilateral pain in his scrotum.
Assessment findings include a red and swollen, tender area on his
scrotum. Which diagnosis is supported by this data?
A) Balanitis
B) Paraphimosis
C) Epididymitis
D) Benign prostate hypertrophy. Answer: Epididymitis
◉ Which reason is the primary contributor to the continued spread
of sexually transmitted diseases?
,A) Reluctance to identify sexual partners
B) Fear of being held legally responsive
C) People unaware they are infected
D) Failure of healthcare providers to notify authorities. Answer:
People unaware they are infected
◉ Which statement is true regarding gynecomastia in men?
A) It may begin as a palpable mass anywhere on the chest.
B) It affects less than 3% of the male population.
C) Incidence is greatest among adolescents and older men.
D) It generally indicates cancer.. Answer: Incidence is greatest
among adolescents and older men
◉ Which statement is TRUE regarding the act of retching?
A) It begins with a shallow respiration.
B) Hypersalivation and tachycardia are common.
C) The esophagus becomes distended.
D) Reverse peristalsis seldom occurs.. Answer: The esophagus
becomes distended
◉ A patient experiences increased mucosal discharge of chloride- or
bicarbonate-rich fluid. Which of the following types of diarrhea is
this?
,A) Osmotic
B) Secretory
C) Motility
D) Parasitic. Answer: Secretory
◉ A patient experiences abdominal pain that is very localized and
intense. Which type of pain does this describe?
A) Parietal
B) Visceral
C) Referred
D) Phantom. Answer: Parietal
◉ A client is diagnosed with hematochezia. Which assessment
finding confirms this diagnosis?
A) Bloody vomitus
B) Bright red rectal bleeding
C) Presence of tarry stools
D) Positive testing for occult blood. Answer: Bright red rectal
bleeding
◉ Which question assesses a possible cause of achalasia?
A) "Are you chronically constipated?"
, B) "What types of high fiber foods do you eat?"
C) "Do you become 'gassy' after meals?"
D) "Have you ever been told you have problems with your
esophagus?". Answer: Have you ever been told you have problems
with your esophagus?
◉ Which statement is true regarding hiatal hernia?
A) A mixed hernia is the most common type.
B) The least common type is a paraesophageal hernia.
C) Paraesophageal hernia is herniation of the greater curvature of
the stomach.
D) A sliding hernia is triggered by standing and frequent meals..
Answer: Paraesophageal hernia is herniation of the greater
curvature of the stomach.
◉ H. pylori is discovered in the GI tract of a client experiencing an
inflammation of the gastric mucosa. Which findings support this
diagnosis?
A) Chronic diarrhea
B) Paralytic ileus
C) Chronic antral gastritis
D) Pyloric obstruction. Answer: Chronic antral gastritis
◉ Which of the following regarding chronic gastritis is true?
ACTUAL EXAM SCRIPT 2026 QUESTIONS
WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ A young adult reports an abnormal curvature of his penis that has
existed since puberty but is getting worse and that intercourse is
painful. The client's statement supports which diagnosis?
A) Peyronie disease
B) Orchitis
C) Phimosis
D) Paraphimosis. Answer: Peyronie disease
◉ A sexually active male reports unilateral pain in his scrotum.
Assessment findings include a red and swollen, tender area on his
scrotum. Which diagnosis is supported by this data?
A) Balanitis
B) Paraphimosis
C) Epididymitis
D) Benign prostate hypertrophy. Answer: Epididymitis
◉ Which reason is the primary contributor to the continued spread
of sexually transmitted diseases?
,A) Reluctance to identify sexual partners
B) Fear of being held legally responsive
C) People unaware they are infected
D) Failure of healthcare providers to notify authorities. Answer:
People unaware they are infected
◉ Which statement is true regarding gynecomastia in men?
A) It may begin as a palpable mass anywhere on the chest.
B) It affects less than 3% of the male population.
C) Incidence is greatest among adolescents and older men.
D) It generally indicates cancer.. Answer: Incidence is greatest
among adolescents and older men
◉ Which statement is TRUE regarding the act of retching?
A) It begins with a shallow respiration.
B) Hypersalivation and tachycardia are common.
C) The esophagus becomes distended.
D) Reverse peristalsis seldom occurs.. Answer: The esophagus
becomes distended
◉ A patient experiences increased mucosal discharge of chloride- or
bicarbonate-rich fluid. Which of the following types of diarrhea is
this?
,A) Osmotic
B) Secretory
C) Motility
D) Parasitic. Answer: Secretory
◉ A patient experiences abdominal pain that is very localized and
intense. Which type of pain does this describe?
A) Parietal
B) Visceral
C) Referred
D) Phantom. Answer: Parietal
◉ A client is diagnosed with hematochezia. Which assessment
finding confirms this diagnosis?
A) Bloody vomitus
B) Bright red rectal bleeding
C) Presence of tarry stools
D) Positive testing for occult blood. Answer: Bright red rectal
bleeding
◉ Which question assesses a possible cause of achalasia?
A) "Are you chronically constipated?"
, B) "What types of high fiber foods do you eat?"
C) "Do you become 'gassy' after meals?"
D) "Have you ever been told you have problems with your
esophagus?". Answer: Have you ever been told you have problems
with your esophagus?
◉ Which statement is true regarding hiatal hernia?
A) A mixed hernia is the most common type.
B) The least common type is a paraesophageal hernia.
C) Paraesophageal hernia is herniation of the greater curvature of
the stomach.
D) A sliding hernia is triggered by standing and frequent meals..
Answer: Paraesophageal hernia is herniation of the greater
curvature of the stomach.
◉ H. pylori is discovered in the GI tract of a client experiencing an
inflammation of the gastric mucosa. Which findings support this
diagnosis?
A) Chronic diarrhea
B) Paralytic ileus
C) Chronic antral gastritis
D) Pyloric obstruction. Answer: Chronic antral gastritis
◉ Which of the following regarding chronic gastritis is true?
