NUR 445 Exam 1 B
What is the normal Wedge pressure? – answer 4-12mmHg
What is the normal PAD pressure? - answer8-15mmHg
What is the normal CVP? - answer2-6mmHg
What does it mean if Wedge/PAD/CVP are high? - answer Fluid volume overload
What does it mean if Wedge/PAD/CVP are low? - Answer Fluid volume deficit -- either
absolute or relative
What are examples of absolute low Wedge/PAD/CVP? - answer Hemorrhage or
dehydration
What are examples of relative low Wedge/PAD/CVP? – answer 3rd spacing,
vasodilation, medications
What is cardiac tamponade? - answerAccumulation of blood around the pericardial
space
What are signs of cardiac tamponade? - answer*Beck's Triad* -- JVD, hypotension,
muffled heart sounds
*Pulsus paradoxus* -- >10mmHg decrease in SBP on inspiration
Treatments for cardiac tamponade include: - answerPericardiocentesis, CABG, volume
resuscitation
For what cardiac dysrhythmias is amiodarone indicated for? - answerA fib, V fib, and V
tach resistant to defibrillation
What is a key characteristic of Junctional rhythms? - answerAbsent or inverted P wave
What causes junctional rhythms? - answerHypoxemia, MI
How do you treat junctional rhythms? - answerVagal maneuvers, adenosine
What is a key characteristic of PVCs? - answerWide QRS
What causes PVCs? - answerElectrolyte imbalances
What is a key characteristic of V tach? - answer>100 bpm with wide QRS
, How do you treat V tach? - answerDefibrillation and/or amiodarone if unsuccessful
What is a key characteristic of Torsades de Pointes? - answer"Bow tie" pattern on ECG
What causes Torsades de Pointes? - answerLow magnesium levels
How do you treat Torsades? - answerMagnesium and amiodarone
What is a key characteristic of V fib? - answerNo discernible rhythm
How do you treat V fib? - answerDefibrillation
What is a key characteristic of Ventricular Escape? - answer20-40 bpm with wide QRS
What is a key characteristic of Asystole? - answerNo rhythm, flat line
What causes Asystole? - answer*H & T's*
Hypovelemia, hypoxia, hypo/hyperkalemia, tension pneumo, thrombosis, tamponade
How do you treat Asystole? - answerFirst check patient, if unresponsive: Epinephrine
and CPR
What is a key characteristic of 1st degree block? - answerLong P-R interval (>0.20)
What causes 1st degree block? - answerIschemia, drugs (beta blockers, CCB, Dig), MI
How do you treat 1st degree block? - answerJust monitor
What is a key characteristic of 2nd degree type 1 block? - answerProgressive
lengthening of P waves until QRS is missing
How do you treat 2nd degree type 1? - answerTreat underlying cause, pace if needed
What is a key characteristic of 2nd degree type 2? - answerP waves are not always
followed by QRS, but when QRS follows it is always at the same time
How do you treat 2nd degree type 2? - answerO2, pacing, correct underlying cause
What is a key characteristic of 3rd degree block? - answerP wave is normal but
unrelated to QRS
How do you treat 3rd degree block? - answerCPR, O2, pacing
What is a key characteristic of Failure to Sense? - answerPacer is not spiking when it
should (either late or early)
What is the normal Wedge pressure? – answer 4-12mmHg
What is the normal PAD pressure? - answer8-15mmHg
What is the normal CVP? - answer2-6mmHg
What does it mean if Wedge/PAD/CVP are high? - answer Fluid volume overload
What does it mean if Wedge/PAD/CVP are low? - Answer Fluid volume deficit -- either
absolute or relative
What are examples of absolute low Wedge/PAD/CVP? - answer Hemorrhage or
dehydration
What are examples of relative low Wedge/PAD/CVP? – answer 3rd spacing,
vasodilation, medications
What is cardiac tamponade? - answerAccumulation of blood around the pericardial
space
What are signs of cardiac tamponade? - answer*Beck's Triad* -- JVD, hypotension,
muffled heart sounds
*Pulsus paradoxus* -- >10mmHg decrease in SBP on inspiration
Treatments for cardiac tamponade include: - answerPericardiocentesis, CABG, volume
resuscitation
For what cardiac dysrhythmias is amiodarone indicated for? - answerA fib, V fib, and V
tach resistant to defibrillation
What is a key characteristic of Junctional rhythms? - answerAbsent or inverted P wave
What causes junctional rhythms? - answerHypoxemia, MI
How do you treat junctional rhythms? - answerVagal maneuvers, adenosine
What is a key characteristic of PVCs? - answerWide QRS
What causes PVCs? - answerElectrolyte imbalances
What is a key characteristic of V tach? - answer>100 bpm with wide QRS
, How do you treat V tach? - answerDefibrillation and/or amiodarone if unsuccessful
What is a key characteristic of Torsades de Pointes? - answer"Bow tie" pattern on ECG
What causes Torsades de Pointes? - answerLow magnesium levels
How do you treat Torsades? - answerMagnesium and amiodarone
What is a key characteristic of V fib? - answerNo discernible rhythm
How do you treat V fib? - answerDefibrillation
What is a key characteristic of Ventricular Escape? - answer20-40 bpm with wide QRS
What is a key characteristic of Asystole? - answerNo rhythm, flat line
What causes Asystole? - answer*H & T's*
Hypovelemia, hypoxia, hypo/hyperkalemia, tension pneumo, thrombosis, tamponade
How do you treat Asystole? - answerFirst check patient, if unresponsive: Epinephrine
and CPR
What is a key characteristic of 1st degree block? - answerLong P-R interval (>0.20)
What causes 1st degree block? - answerIschemia, drugs (beta blockers, CCB, Dig), MI
How do you treat 1st degree block? - answerJust monitor
What is a key characteristic of 2nd degree type 1 block? - answerProgressive
lengthening of P waves until QRS is missing
How do you treat 2nd degree type 1? - answerTreat underlying cause, pace if needed
What is a key characteristic of 2nd degree type 2? - answerP waves are not always
followed by QRS, but when QRS follows it is always at the same time
How do you treat 2nd degree type 2? - answerO2, pacing, correct underlying cause
What is a key characteristic of 3rd degree block? - answerP wave is normal but
unrelated to QRS
How do you treat 3rd degree block? - answerCPR, O2, pacing
What is a key characteristic of Failure to Sense? - answerPacer is not spiking when it
should (either late or early)
