TXST Zoology Exam 1
Eukaryotes - Answer--membrane bound organelles
-DNA in centralized nucleus
-heterotrophs
Prokaryotes - Answer--encased by cell wall
-presence of flagellum/cilia/pseudopod
-lacks a true nucleus
Autotrophic - Answer-Ability to form nutritional organic matter from inorganic matter (i.e.
photosynthesis)
Heterotrophic - Answer-Must get nutrition from complex organic matter (i.e. carnivore, omnivore,
herbivore)
Homologous Structures - Answer-A structure that shares a common ancestory in multiple organisms but
has different functions (i.e. the limbs of whales and dogs)
Analogous Structures - Answer-Structures that are similar in function but not similar in structure and do
not derive from a common ancestor (i.e. birds' wings and butterflies' wings)
Vestigial Structures - Answer-A physical structure that has become reduced and/or no longer functions
from its ancestral condition (i.e. human tail bone, snake pelvic bone)
, Rudimentary Structures - Answer-Imperfectly developed or basic structure compared to fully developed
and/or advanced structures (i.e. human lungs)
Phylogeny - Answer-The branch of Biology that deals with Phylogenesis; describes the relationships of
organisms
Systematics - Answer-The branch of Biology that deals with classification and nomenclature;
taxonomy/naming organisms
Cladogram - Answer-A branching diagram showing the possible relationship between a number of
species
Clades - Answer-A group of organisms believed to have evolved from a common ancestor
Synapomorphy - Answer-Possession by two or more organisms of a characteristic exclusively from their
common ancestor
Monophyletic Group - Answer-A group which contains all the descendants of a common ancestor
Polyphyletic Groups - Answer-An assemblage that contains organisms with mixed evolutionary origin but
does not include their most common ancestor
Multiple Germ Layers - Answer-Give rise to organism size
-endoderm: cells of the alimentary canal cells in other tissue and organs
-mesoderm: cells of muscles, bones, connective tissue, blood, and dermis of the skin
-ectoderm: cells of dermis, nervous, and endocrine systems
Eukaryotes - Answer--membrane bound organelles
-DNA in centralized nucleus
-heterotrophs
Prokaryotes - Answer--encased by cell wall
-presence of flagellum/cilia/pseudopod
-lacks a true nucleus
Autotrophic - Answer-Ability to form nutritional organic matter from inorganic matter (i.e.
photosynthesis)
Heterotrophic - Answer-Must get nutrition from complex organic matter (i.e. carnivore, omnivore,
herbivore)
Homologous Structures - Answer-A structure that shares a common ancestory in multiple organisms but
has different functions (i.e. the limbs of whales and dogs)
Analogous Structures - Answer-Structures that are similar in function but not similar in structure and do
not derive from a common ancestor (i.e. birds' wings and butterflies' wings)
Vestigial Structures - Answer-A physical structure that has become reduced and/or no longer functions
from its ancestral condition (i.e. human tail bone, snake pelvic bone)
, Rudimentary Structures - Answer-Imperfectly developed or basic structure compared to fully developed
and/or advanced structures (i.e. human lungs)
Phylogeny - Answer-The branch of Biology that deals with Phylogenesis; describes the relationships of
organisms
Systematics - Answer-The branch of Biology that deals with classification and nomenclature;
taxonomy/naming organisms
Cladogram - Answer-A branching diagram showing the possible relationship between a number of
species
Clades - Answer-A group of organisms believed to have evolved from a common ancestor
Synapomorphy - Answer-Possession by two or more organisms of a characteristic exclusively from their
common ancestor
Monophyletic Group - Answer-A group which contains all the descendants of a common ancestor
Polyphyletic Groups - Answer-An assemblage that contains organisms with mixed evolutionary origin but
does not include their most common ancestor
Multiple Germ Layers - Answer-Give rise to organism size
-endoderm: cells of the alimentary canal cells in other tissue and organs
-mesoderm: cells of muscles, bones, connective tissue, blood, and dermis of the skin
-ectoderm: cells of dermis, nervous, and endocrine systems
