Pharmacology Core Concepts Exam Bundle –
Full Test Bank Download (150 Items).Answers
And Rationale Included.
2025/2026
1. Pharmacology is best defined as the study of:
A. Disease prevention
B. Surgery techniques
C. Drug actions and effects in the body
D. Nutrition therapy
Rationale: Pharmacology focuses on how drugs interact with
biological systems and their therapeutic and adverse effects.
2. The term “pharmacokinetics” refers to:
A. Drug receptors
B. What the body does to the drug
C. What the drug does to the body
D. Drug side effects
Rationale: Pharmacokinetics includes absorption, distribution,
metabolism, and excretion of drugs.
3. The process by which a drug moves from the site of
administration into the bloodstream is called:
A. Distribution
B. Metabolism
C. Absorption
D. Excretion
Rationale: Absorption is the movement of a drug into systemic
circulation.
,4. The liver is the primary site of:
A. Drug absorption
B. Drug metabolism
C. Drug excretion
D. Drug storage
Rationale: Most drug biotransformation occurs in hepatic
enzymes.
5. Cytochrome P450 enzymes are mainly involved in:
A. Drug storage
B. Drug metabolism
C. Drug absorption
D. Drug excretion
Rationale: CYP450 enzymes catalyze phase I metabolic reactions
in the liver.
6. Phase I drug metabolism usually involves:
A. Conjugation
B. Oxidation, reduction, or hydrolysis
C. Glucuronidation
D. Sulfation
Rationale: Phase I reactions introduce or expose functional
groups.
7. Phase II metabolism primarily consists of:
A. Oxidation
B. Hydrolysis
C. Conjugation
D. Reduction
Rationale: Phase II reactions increase water solubility for easier
excretion.
,8. The primary organ responsible for drug excretion is the:
A. Liver
B. Kidneys
C. Lungs
D. Intestines
Rationale: Renal filtration is the main route of drug elimination.
9. Bioavailability refers to:
A. Drug toxicity
B. The fraction of drug reaching systemic circulation
C. Drug storage in tissues
D. Drug excretion speed
Rationale: Bioavailability measures how much active drug
reaches circulation.
10. First-pass effect occurs in the:
A. Kidneys
B. Liver
C. Lungs
D. Brain
Rationale: Oral drugs may be metabolized by the liver before
reaching systemic circulation.
11. A drug receptor is best defined as:
A. A storage site for drugs
B. An enzyme that destroys drugs
C. A molecule that a drug binds to produce an effect
D. A transporter protein only in kidneys
Rationale: Receptors are target proteins that initiate cellular
responses when activated.
, 12. An agonist is a drug that:
A. Blocks receptor activity
B. Activates a receptor to produce a response
C. Destroys receptors
D. Prevents drug absorption
Rationale: Agonists mimic natural ligands and activate
receptors.
13. An antagonist is a drug that:
A. Activates receptors strongly
B. Blocks receptor activation
C. Increases receptor numbers
D. Enhances absorption
Rationale: Antagonists prevent receptor activation by competing
with agonists.
14. A partial agonist:
A. Produces maximum receptor activation
B. Produces a submaximal response even with full receptor
occupancy
C. Has no receptor binding
D. Permanently blocks receptors
Rationale: Partial agonists have lower efficacy than full agonists.
15. Efficacy refers to:
A. The dose of a drug
B. The maximum effect a drug can produce
C. The rate of absorption
D. Drug solubility
Rationale: Efficacy describes the drug’s ability to produce a
maximal biological effect.
Full Test Bank Download (150 Items).Answers
And Rationale Included.
2025/2026
1. Pharmacology is best defined as the study of:
A. Disease prevention
B. Surgery techniques
C. Drug actions and effects in the body
D. Nutrition therapy
Rationale: Pharmacology focuses on how drugs interact with
biological systems and their therapeutic and adverse effects.
2. The term “pharmacokinetics” refers to:
A. Drug receptors
B. What the body does to the drug
C. What the drug does to the body
D. Drug side effects
Rationale: Pharmacokinetics includes absorption, distribution,
metabolism, and excretion of drugs.
3. The process by which a drug moves from the site of
administration into the bloodstream is called:
A. Distribution
B. Metabolism
C. Absorption
D. Excretion
Rationale: Absorption is the movement of a drug into systemic
circulation.
,4. The liver is the primary site of:
A. Drug absorption
B. Drug metabolism
C. Drug excretion
D. Drug storage
Rationale: Most drug biotransformation occurs in hepatic
enzymes.
5. Cytochrome P450 enzymes are mainly involved in:
A. Drug storage
B. Drug metabolism
C. Drug absorption
D. Drug excretion
Rationale: CYP450 enzymes catalyze phase I metabolic reactions
in the liver.
6. Phase I drug metabolism usually involves:
A. Conjugation
B. Oxidation, reduction, or hydrolysis
C. Glucuronidation
D. Sulfation
Rationale: Phase I reactions introduce or expose functional
groups.
7. Phase II metabolism primarily consists of:
A. Oxidation
B. Hydrolysis
C. Conjugation
D. Reduction
Rationale: Phase II reactions increase water solubility for easier
excretion.
,8. The primary organ responsible for drug excretion is the:
A. Liver
B. Kidneys
C. Lungs
D. Intestines
Rationale: Renal filtration is the main route of drug elimination.
9. Bioavailability refers to:
A. Drug toxicity
B. The fraction of drug reaching systemic circulation
C. Drug storage in tissues
D. Drug excretion speed
Rationale: Bioavailability measures how much active drug
reaches circulation.
10. First-pass effect occurs in the:
A. Kidneys
B. Liver
C. Lungs
D. Brain
Rationale: Oral drugs may be metabolized by the liver before
reaching systemic circulation.
11. A drug receptor is best defined as:
A. A storage site for drugs
B. An enzyme that destroys drugs
C. A molecule that a drug binds to produce an effect
D. A transporter protein only in kidneys
Rationale: Receptors are target proteins that initiate cellular
responses when activated.
, 12. An agonist is a drug that:
A. Blocks receptor activity
B. Activates a receptor to produce a response
C. Destroys receptors
D. Prevents drug absorption
Rationale: Agonists mimic natural ligands and activate
receptors.
13. An antagonist is a drug that:
A. Activates receptors strongly
B. Blocks receptor activation
C. Increases receptor numbers
D. Enhances absorption
Rationale: Antagonists prevent receptor activation by competing
with agonists.
14. A partial agonist:
A. Produces maximum receptor activation
B. Produces a submaximal response even with full receptor
occupancy
C. Has no receptor binding
D. Permanently blocks receptors
Rationale: Partial agonists have lower efficacy than full agonists.
15. Efficacy refers to:
A. The dose of a drug
B. The maximum effect a drug can produce
C. The rate of absorption
D. Drug solubility
Rationale: Efficacy describes the drug’s ability to produce a
maximal biological effect.
