Pediatric Pharmacology Practice Set – Full
Test Bank Download (1–150 Questions,
Answers And Rationale)2025/2026
1. Which medication is the first-line treatment for pediatric acute
otitis media?
A. Amoxicillin
B. Azithromycin
C. Ciprofloxacin
D. Clindamycin
A. Amoxicillin
Rationale: Amoxicillin is the first-line therapy for uncomplicated
acute otitis media in children due to its efficacy against common
pathogens and favorable safety profile.
2. A 6-year-old child requires analgesia for moderate pain. Which
medication is safest?
A. Aspirin
B. Ibuprofen
C. Naproxen
D. Indomethacin
B. Ibuprofen
Rationale: Ibuprofen is a safe and effective NSAID for children.
Aspirin is contraindicated due to the risk of Reye's syndrome.
3. What is the preferred route for hydration and antibiotic delivery
in a child with severe dehydration?
A. Oral
B. Intravenous
C. Subcutaneous
D. Intramuscular
, B. Intravenous
Rationale: Severe dehydration requires rapid correction, which is
best achieved through IV fluids and IV antibiotics if indicated.
4. Which medication is recommended for pediatric ADHD as first-
line therapy?
A. Atomoxetine
B. Methylphenidate
C. Guanfacine
D. Clonidine
B. Methylphenidate
Rationale: Stimulants such as methylphenidate are first-line
therapy for pediatric ADHD, with evidence supporting efficacy
and safety.
5. A 2-month-old infant is diagnosed with infantile reflux. Which
medication may be prescribed if non-pharmacologic measures
fail?
A. Ranitidine
B. Omeprazole
C. Aluminum hydroxide
D. Metoclopramide
B. Omeprazole
Rationale: Proton pump inhibitors like omeprazole are effective
for GERD in infants refractory to non-pharmacologic
interventions.
6. Which vaccine should not be given to immunocompromised
children?
A. DTaP
B. IPV
C. MMR
, D. Hepatitis B
C. MMR
Rationale: MMR is a live attenuated vaccine and is
contraindicated in immunocompromised children due to risk of
vaccine-related infection.
7. For a 10-year-old with moderate asthma, which is the preferred
controller medication?
A. Albuterol
B. Fluticasone
C. Montelukast
D. Theophylline
B. Fluticasone
Rationale: Inhaled corticosteroids like fluticasone are first-line
for persistent asthma to reduce inflammation and prevent
exacerbations.
8. Which antibiotic is safest for treating a urinary tract infection in a
3-year-old?
A. Nitrofurantoin
B. Ciprofloxacin
C. Gentamicin
D. Amoxicillin
D. Amoxicillin
Rationale: Amoxicillin is safe and effective for uncomplicated
pediatric UTIs; fluoroquinolones are avoided due to
musculoskeletal toxicity.
9. Which medication is used for neonatal jaundice?
A. Phenobarbital
B. Phototherapy
C. Ursodiol
, D. Rifampin
B. Phototherapy
Rationale: Phototherapy is the mainstay for neonatal jaundice,
converting bilirubin into water-soluble forms for excretion.
10. A child with cystic fibrosis requires chronic Pseudomonas
coverage. Which inhaled antibiotic is preferred?
A. Tobramycin
B. Amoxicillin
C. Vancomycin
D. Azithromycin
A. Tobramycin
Rationale: Inhaled tobramycin targets Pseudomonas directly in
the lungs and is commonly used for chronic therapy in CF
patients.
11. Which medication is contraindicated in children under 2
years old for cough and cold symptoms?
A. Acetaminophen
B. Diphenhydramine
C. Ibuprofen
D. Guaifenesin
B. Diphenhydramine
Rationale: First-generation antihistamines like diphenhydramine
can cause sedation, respiratory depression, or paradoxical
excitation in infants.
12. A 7-year-old with bacterial pneumonia should receive which
first-line antibiotic?
A. Amoxicillin
B. Azithromycin
C. Ceftriaxone
Test Bank Download (1–150 Questions,
Answers And Rationale)2025/2026
1. Which medication is the first-line treatment for pediatric acute
otitis media?
A. Amoxicillin
B. Azithromycin
C. Ciprofloxacin
D. Clindamycin
A. Amoxicillin
Rationale: Amoxicillin is the first-line therapy for uncomplicated
acute otitis media in children due to its efficacy against common
pathogens and favorable safety profile.
2. A 6-year-old child requires analgesia for moderate pain. Which
medication is safest?
A. Aspirin
B. Ibuprofen
C. Naproxen
D. Indomethacin
B. Ibuprofen
Rationale: Ibuprofen is a safe and effective NSAID for children.
Aspirin is contraindicated due to the risk of Reye's syndrome.
3. What is the preferred route for hydration and antibiotic delivery
in a child with severe dehydration?
A. Oral
B. Intravenous
C. Subcutaneous
D. Intramuscular
, B. Intravenous
Rationale: Severe dehydration requires rapid correction, which is
best achieved through IV fluids and IV antibiotics if indicated.
4. Which medication is recommended for pediatric ADHD as first-
line therapy?
A. Atomoxetine
B. Methylphenidate
C. Guanfacine
D. Clonidine
B. Methylphenidate
Rationale: Stimulants such as methylphenidate are first-line
therapy for pediatric ADHD, with evidence supporting efficacy
and safety.
5. A 2-month-old infant is diagnosed with infantile reflux. Which
medication may be prescribed if non-pharmacologic measures
fail?
A. Ranitidine
B. Omeprazole
C. Aluminum hydroxide
D. Metoclopramide
B. Omeprazole
Rationale: Proton pump inhibitors like omeprazole are effective
for GERD in infants refractory to non-pharmacologic
interventions.
6. Which vaccine should not be given to immunocompromised
children?
A. DTaP
B. IPV
C. MMR
, D. Hepatitis B
C. MMR
Rationale: MMR is a live attenuated vaccine and is
contraindicated in immunocompromised children due to risk of
vaccine-related infection.
7. For a 10-year-old with moderate asthma, which is the preferred
controller medication?
A. Albuterol
B. Fluticasone
C. Montelukast
D. Theophylline
B. Fluticasone
Rationale: Inhaled corticosteroids like fluticasone are first-line
for persistent asthma to reduce inflammation and prevent
exacerbations.
8. Which antibiotic is safest for treating a urinary tract infection in a
3-year-old?
A. Nitrofurantoin
B. Ciprofloxacin
C. Gentamicin
D. Amoxicillin
D. Amoxicillin
Rationale: Amoxicillin is safe and effective for uncomplicated
pediatric UTIs; fluoroquinolones are avoided due to
musculoskeletal toxicity.
9. Which medication is used for neonatal jaundice?
A. Phenobarbital
B. Phototherapy
C. Ursodiol
, D. Rifampin
B. Phototherapy
Rationale: Phototherapy is the mainstay for neonatal jaundice,
converting bilirubin into water-soluble forms for excretion.
10. A child with cystic fibrosis requires chronic Pseudomonas
coverage. Which inhaled antibiotic is preferred?
A. Tobramycin
B. Amoxicillin
C. Vancomycin
D. Azithromycin
A. Tobramycin
Rationale: Inhaled tobramycin targets Pseudomonas directly in
the lungs and is commonly used for chronic therapy in CF
patients.
11. Which medication is contraindicated in children under 2
years old for cough and cold symptoms?
A. Acetaminophen
B. Diphenhydramine
C. Ibuprofen
D. Guaifenesin
B. Diphenhydramine
Rationale: First-generation antihistamines like diphenhydramine
can cause sedation, respiratory depression, or paradoxical
excitation in infants.
12. A 7-year-old with bacterial pneumonia should receive which
first-line antibiotic?
A. Amoxicillin
B. Azithromycin
C. Ceftriaxone
