Mastering Drug Dynamics:
Comprehensive Pharmacokinetics &
Pharmacodynamics Practice Exam (1–
150 Questions, Answers And
Rationale)2025/2026
1. Which of the following describes pharmacokinetics?
a) The study of drug effects on the body
b) The study of how the body absorbs, distributes, metabolizes,
and eliminates drugs
c) The study of drug–receptor interactions
d) The study of drug toxicity
b) The study of how the body absorbs, distributes, metabolizes, and
eliminates drugs
Rationale: Pharmacokinetics focuses on the ADME processes:
Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion.
2. Which route of administration provides 100% bioavailability?
a) Oral
b) Intravenous
c) Subcutaneous
d) Intramuscular
b) Intravenous
Rationale: IV administration bypasses the first-pass metabolism and
delivers the entire dose directly into systemic circulation.
3. First-pass metabolism primarily occurs in the:
a) Kidney
, b) Liver
c) Stomach
d) Lungs
b) Liver
Rationale: Drugs absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract are
metabolized by the liver before reaching systemic circulation, reducing
bioavailability.
4. A drug’s volume of distribution (Vd) is defined as:
a) The rate of elimination from plasma
b) The theoretical volume that would be necessary to contain the
total amount of drug at the same concentration as in plasma
c) The fraction of drug bound to plasma proteins
d) The half-life of the drug
b) The theoretical volume that would be necessary to contain the
total amount of drug at the same concentration as in plasma
Rationale: Vd helps estimate how extensively a drug distributes into
tissues relative to plasma.
5. Clearance (Cl) of a drug is:
a) The rate at which a drug enters systemic circulation
b) The volume of plasma cleared of drug per unit time
c) The percentage of drug excreted unchanged in urine
d) The time required for drug concentration to reduce by 50%
b) The volume of plasma cleared of drug per unit time
Rationale: Clearance is a measure of the efficiency of drug
elimination.
6. The half-life (t½) of a drug depends on:
a) Only clearance
b) Only volume of distribution
, c) Both clearance and volume of distribution
d) Bioavailability
c) Both clearance and volume of distribution
Rationale: t½ = (0.693 × Vd) / Cl, showing dependence on both
parameters.
7. A drug that follows zero-order kinetics:
a) Has a constant fraction eliminated per unit time
b) Has a constant amount eliminated per unit time
c) Has a half-life independent of dose
d) Is eliminated only via the kidneys
b) Has a constant amount eliminated per unit time
Rationale: Zero-order kinetics occurs when elimination pathways are
saturated, e.g., phenytoin or ethanol.
8. Which of the following drugs is an example of zero-order kinetics?
a) Gentamicin
b) Phenytoin
c) Amoxicillin
d) Metoprolol
b) Phenytoin
Rationale: Phenytoin shows dose-dependent saturation, resulting in a
constant amount eliminated regardless of concentration.
9. First-order kinetics refers to:
a) Constant amount eliminated per unit time
b) Constant fraction eliminated per unit time
c) No drug elimination
d) Immediate drug clearance
, b) Constant fraction eliminated per unit time
Rationale: Most drugs follow first-order kinetics, where elimination
rate is proportional to plasma concentration.
10. Bioavailability is:
a) The fraction of drug excreted in urine
b) The fraction of drug absorbed and reaching systemic circulation
c) The time taken to reach peak plasma concentration
d) The volume in which a drug is distributed
b) The fraction of drug absorbed and reaching systemic circulation
Rationale: Bioavailability indicates the extent of systemic exposure of
a drug after administration.
11. Which factor most significantly affects drug absorption from
the gastrointestinal tract?
a) Protein binding
b) Lipid solubility
c) Renal clearance
d) Volume of distribution
b) Lipid solubility
Rationale: Lipid-soluble drugs cross cell membranes more readily,
enhancing absorption.
12. A weak acid drug will be better absorbed in:
a) Acidic environment
b) Basic environment
c) Neutral environment
d) Alkaline urine
a) Acidic environment
Rationale: Weak acids are non-ionized in acidic pH, which enhances
membrane penetration.
Comprehensive Pharmacokinetics &
Pharmacodynamics Practice Exam (1–
150 Questions, Answers And
Rationale)2025/2026
1. Which of the following describes pharmacokinetics?
a) The study of drug effects on the body
b) The study of how the body absorbs, distributes, metabolizes,
and eliminates drugs
c) The study of drug–receptor interactions
d) The study of drug toxicity
b) The study of how the body absorbs, distributes, metabolizes, and
eliminates drugs
Rationale: Pharmacokinetics focuses on the ADME processes:
Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion.
2. Which route of administration provides 100% bioavailability?
a) Oral
b) Intravenous
c) Subcutaneous
d) Intramuscular
b) Intravenous
Rationale: IV administration bypasses the first-pass metabolism and
delivers the entire dose directly into systemic circulation.
3. First-pass metabolism primarily occurs in the:
a) Kidney
, b) Liver
c) Stomach
d) Lungs
b) Liver
Rationale: Drugs absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract are
metabolized by the liver before reaching systemic circulation, reducing
bioavailability.
4. A drug’s volume of distribution (Vd) is defined as:
a) The rate of elimination from plasma
b) The theoretical volume that would be necessary to contain the
total amount of drug at the same concentration as in plasma
c) The fraction of drug bound to plasma proteins
d) The half-life of the drug
b) The theoretical volume that would be necessary to contain the
total amount of drug at the same concentration as in plasma
Rationale: Vd helps estimate how extensively a drug distributes into
tissues relative to plasma.
5. Clearance (Cl) of a drug is:
a) The rate at which a drug enters systemic circulation
b) The volume of plasma cleared of drug per unit time
c) The percentage of drug excreted unchanged in urine
d) The time required for drug concentration to reduce by 50%
b) The volume of plasma cleared of drug per unit time
Rationale: Clearance is a measure of the efficiency of drug
elimination.
6. The half-life (t½) of a drug depends on:
a) Only clearance
b) Only volume of distribution
, c) Both clearance and volume of distribution
d) Bioavailability
c) Both clearance and volume of distribution
Rationale: t½ = (0.693 × Vd) / Cl, showing dependence on both
parameters.
7. A drug that follows zero-order kinetics:
a) Has a constant fraction eliminated per unit time
b) Has a constant amount eliminated per unit time
c) Has a half-life independent of dose
d) Is eliminated only via the kidneys
b) Has a constant amount eliminated per unit time
Rationale: Zero-order kinetics occurs when elimination pathways are
saturated, e.g., phenytoin or ethanol.
8. Which of the following drugs is an example of zero-order kinetics?
a) Gentamicin
b) Phenytoin
c) Amoxicillin
d) Metoprolol
b) Phenytoin
Rationale: Phenytoin shows dose-dependent saturation, resulting in a
constant amount eliminated regardless of concentration.
9. First-order kinetics refers to:
a) Constant amount eliminated per unit time
b) Constant fraction eliminated per unit time
c) No drug elimination
d) Immediate drug clearance
, b) Constant fraction eliminated per unit time
Rationale: Most drugs follow first-order kinetics, where elimination
rate is proportional to plasma concentration.
10. Bioavailability is:
a) The fraction of drug excreted in urine
b) The fraction of drug absorbed and reaching systemic circulation
c) The time taken to reach peak plasma concentration
d) The volume in which a drug is distributed
b) The fraction of drug absorbed and reaching systemic circulation
Rationale: Bioavailability indicates the extent of systemic exposure of
a drug after administration.
11. Which factor most significantly affects drug absorption from
the gastrointestinal tract?
a) Protein binding
b) Lipid solubility
c) Renal clearance
d) Volume of distribution
b) Lipid solubility
Rationale: Lipid-soluble drugs cross cell membranes more readily,
enhancing absorption.
12. A weak acid drug will be better absorbed in:
a) Acidic environment
b) Basic environment
c) Neutral environment
d) Alkaline urine
a) Acidic environment
Rationale: Weak acids are non-ionized in acidic pH, which enhances
membrane penetration.
