ARE 112 final exam with answers

ARE 112 final exam with answers
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Optimizing and satisficing - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-
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organizations exist to achieve a goal by either optimizing or
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satisfying


MECE
a. Mutually exclusive:
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b. Collectively exhaustive: - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔1. Mutually
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exclusive: Is each issue a separate and distinct issue?
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2. Collectively exhaustive: Does every aspect of the problem
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come under one, and only one, of the issues
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3. One reason this is done is to guard against making an early
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selection of solutions before all the facts are known.
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Classical management |\




a. Scientific management
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b. Bureaucracy
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c. Administration - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔a. Scientific
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management
-Frederick Taylor |\ |\




-"Taylorism"
-design jobs with standards leading to efficiency
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-select workers to fit the job description
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-train workers to follow the design
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,-support workers by planning their work
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b. Bureaucracy
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-Max Weber |\




-bureaucracy with logic, order,and legitimate authority
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-not an organization based on social standing
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--division of labor |\ |\




--hierarchy of authority |\ |\




--formal rules |\




--impersonality
--promotion on merit |\ |\




c. Administration
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-Henri Fayol |\




-administration of the firm leads to the "A" in MBA and more |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


recently to "management" |\ |\ |\




--planning
--organizing |\




--command
--coordination
--control
--unity of command (no one has more than one boss)
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Behavioral school of management - CORRECT ANSWERS
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✔✔Behavioral approach: an attempt to increase production by|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\

, understanding people as it is easier to change the organization |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


than to change the people - different than the Taylor approach.
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Anthony's management hierarchy and the |\ |\ |\ |\




four layers - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-strategic planning --
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executives
-management control -- managers |\ |\ |\




-operational control -- supervisors |\ |\ |\ |\




-organizational members -- workers |\ |\ |\




Maslow and his theory of human needs - CORRECT ANSWERS
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✔✔a. Physiological needs: food, water, physical well being
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b. Safety needs: shelter, protection, stability
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c. Social needs: love, affection, belongingness
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d. Esteem needs: respect, prestige, mastery
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e. Self-actualization needs: self-fulfillment, growth
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f. So people have deficits in these needs and they work to satisfy
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these needs in the hierarchy from physiological needs up to self-
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actualization needs. |\




Theory X and Theory Y - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔a. X: assumes
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people do not like to work and want to be led （classical school）
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b. Y: assumes people are willing to work and can be creative
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(behavioral school) |\




c. If a manager holds to one or the other approaches - X or Y -
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then a self-fulfilling prophecy can occur: people will do what the
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boss wants them to do
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