USAHS clinical neuroscience exam 2 EXAM
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS
LATEST 2026-2027 NEW VERSION
What is the result of hydrocephalus? - answer>>>Pressure onto the corticobulbar
and corticospinal tracts which results in increased weakness.
How is hydrocephalus treated? - answer>>>With a ventriculoperitoneal shunt into
lateral ventricle; drains into peritoneal cavity.
What are the symptoms of increased intracranial pressure? - answer>>>HA, nausea,
bradycardia, HTN, LOC, as well as papilledema (pushes optic disc and CN2 forward);
also watch out for double vision, visual loss, and Cushing's trained.
What is Cushing's triad? - answer>>>HTN, bradycardia, irregular breathing
What level is a lumbar tap performed? - answer>>>L4/L5
Look at table 5.4 and check screenshots - answer>>>
BBB vs BCSFB - answer>>>BBB:
-tight junction between the endothelial cells that line the walls
-astrocytes abutting on capillaries
-basement membrane
BCSFB:
-outmost later of the epithelial
-have tight junction
The BBB is ________ soluble. - answer>>>Lipid (water soluble can't pass)
, -
The _______ supplies most of the cortex on the anterior medial surface from the
frontal to anterior parietal lobes. Includes the anterior limb of the internal capsule,
BG-putamen, and caudate nucleus. - answer>>>ACA
The _______ supplies above the sylvian fissure (superior division) to include lateral
frontal lobe; cortex below sylvian fissure, includes lateral temporal and parietal
lobes (inferior division); majority of cortex on dorsolateral convexity of brain;
includes BG-globes pallidus, and caudate nucleus. - answer>>>MCA
The ______ supplies inferior and medial temporal and occipital lobes; includes
thalamus and posterior limb of internal capsule (larger infarcts that involve smaller
penetrating vessels), and splenium of corpus callosum. - answer>>>PCA
A ______ is a traumatic event involving arterial supply to the brain. May be caused
by a thrombus or an embolus causing an infarct. - answer>>>CVA
A(n) __________ is an area of coagulation necrosis in a tissue due to local ischemia
resulting from obstruction of circulation to th area; most commonly a thrombus or
embolus. - answer>>>Infarct
A(n) ___________ is an aggregation of blood factors, primarily platelets and fibrin,
frequently causing vascular obstruction at the point of formation. -
answer>>>Thrombus
A(n) _________ is a sudden blocking of an artery by a clot or foreign material which
has been brought to it's site lodgement by the blood current. - answer>>>Embolism
, A(n) _____________ is a sac formed by the dilation of the artery or vein. -
answer>>>Aneurysm
A _______ is an event(s) that are caused by arterial blood vessels changes which
cause brief periods of noticeable neurologic changes; brief loss of vision, numbness
in hands/feet. Followed by complete recovery in most cases. (<10min) -
answer>>>TIA
15% of patients with ______ will have a CVA and persistent deficits within 3 months.
1/2 of these CVAs will occur within 48 hours. - answer>>>TIA
___________ is the loss of ability to recognize the importance of sensory stimuli. -
answer>>>Agnosia
What is the rule of 2's? - answer>>>The brain makes up 2% BW, uses 20% of the o2
uptake, and 25% of the glucose
_____% of cardiac output goes to the brain. - answer>>>15
Aphasia is associated with the _______ cerebral hemisphere. - answer>>>Left
Apraxia is associated with the _______ cerebral hemisphere. - answer>>>Right
_________ strokes are the 3rd leading cause of death in America and a major cause
of permanent disability. - answer>>>Ischemic (stroke refers to both hemorrhagic and
ischemic events)
Check screenshots for types of strokes/mechanisms!! - answer>>>
80-85% of strokes are ___________. - answer>>>Ischemic (hemorrhagic strokes
make up the remaining 15-20%)
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS
LATEST 2026-2027 NEW VERSION
What is the result of hydrocephalus? - answer>>>Pressure onto the corticobulbar
and corticospinal tracts which results in increased weakness.
How is hydrocephalus treated? - answer>>>With a ventriculoperitoneal shunt into
lateral ventricle; drains into peritoneal cavity.
What are the symptoms of increased intracranial pressure? - answer>>>HA, nausea,
bradycardia, HTN, LOC, as well as papilledema (pushes optic disc and CN2 forward);
also watch out for double vision, visual loss, and Cushing's trained.
What is Cushing's triad? - answer>>>HTN, bradycardia, irregular breathing
What level is a lumbar tap performed? - answer>>>L4/L5
Look at table 5.4 and check screenshots - answer>>>
BBB vs BCSFB - answer>>>BBB:
-tight junction between the endothelial cells that line the walls
-astrocytes abutting on capillaries
-basement membrane
BCSFB:
-outmost later of the epithelial
-have tight junction
The BBB is ________ soluble. - answer>>>Lipid (water soluble can't pass)
, -
The _______ supplies most of the cortex on the anterior medial surface from the
frontal to anterior parietal lobes. Includes the anterior limb of the internal capsule,
BG-putamen, and caudate nucleus. - answer>>>ACA
The _______ supplies above the sylvian fissure (superior division) to include lateral
frontal lobe; cortex below sylvian fissure, includes lateral temporal and parietal
lobes (inferior division); majority of cortex on dorsolateral convexity of brain;
includes BG-globes pallidus, and caudate nucleus. - answer>>>MCA
The ______ supplies inferior and medial temporal and occipital lobes; includes
thalamus and posterior limb of internal capsule (larger infarcts that involve smaller
penetrating vessels), and splenium of corpus callosum. - answer>>>PCA
A ______ is a traumatic event involving arterial supply to the brain. May be caused
by a thrombus or an embolus causing an infarct. - answer>>>CVA
A(n) __________ is an area of coagulation necrosis in a tissue due to local ischemia
resulting from obstruction of circulation to th area; most commonly a thrombus or
embolus. - answer>>>Infarct
A(n) ___________ is an aggregation of blood factors, primarily platelets and fibrin,
frequently causing vascular obstruction at the point of formation. -
answer>>>Thrombus
A(n) _________ is a sudden blocking of an artery by a clot or foreign material which
has been brought to it's site lodgement by the blood current. - answer>>>Embolism
, A(n) _____________ is a sac formed by the dilation of the artery or vein. -
answer>>>Aneurysm
A _______ is an event(s) that are caused by arterial blood vessels changes which
cause brief periods of noticeable neurologic changes; brief loss of vision, numbness
in hands/feet. Followed by complete recovery in most cases. (<10min) -
answer>>>TIA
15% of patients with ______ will have a CVA and persistent deficits within 3 months.
1/2 of these CVAs will occur within 48 hours. - answer>>>TIA
___________ is the loss of ability to recognize the importance of sensory stimuli. -
answer>>>Agnosia
What is the rule of 2's? - answer>>>The brain makes up 2% BW, uses 20% of the o2
uptake, and 25% of the glucose
_____% of cardiac output goes to the brain. - answer>>>15
Aphasia is associated with the _______ cerebral hemisphere. - answer>>>Left
Apraxia is associated with the _______ cerebral hemisphere. - answer>>>Right
_________ strokes are the 3rd leading cause of death in America and a major cause
of permanent disability. - answer>>>Ischemic (stroke refers to both hemorrhagic and
ischemic events)
Check screenshots for types of strokes/mechanisms!! - answer>>>
80-85% of strokes are ___________. - answer>>>Ischemic (hemorrhagic strokes
make up the remaining 15-20%)
