POB EXAM 3 UARK SHADWICK
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
Biological Evolution - ANSWERorganisms change over time
Darwin - ANSWERTheory of Natural Selection (short necked giraffes die and therefore,
don't reproduce)
Lamarck - ANSWERInheritance of Acquired Characteristics (giraffes stretch their necks
to reach food and then their offspring are born with the longer neck)
Evidence of Evolution - ANSWERFossils, Transitional Forms, Analogous Structures,
Homologous Structures, Vestigial Structures
Fossils - ANSWERhard body parts, embedded in sedimentary rock, deposited in Strata
Mold - ANSWERair space remains
Cast - ANSWERSilica fills space
Transitional Form - ANSWERWhale: reduced hind limbs and pelvic bones
Analogous Structure - ANSWERevolved separately but have similar functions ex.
human and octopi eyes
Homologous Structure - ANSWERsimilar structure but have different functions ex. arm,
cat, whale, bat
biochemical evidence of evolution - ANSWERDNA, ATP, enzymes are universal
Genetic Code evidence of evolution - ANSWERRNA to amino acid triplets are universal,
many genes are shared by all organisms
Microevolution - ANSWERchange in allele frequency in a population over time
who evolves - ANSWERpopulations
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium - ANSWERNo mutations, No genetic drift, No gene flow,
No natural selection, Random Mating
Mutation - ANSWERcause allele frequency in a populations, only source of variation,
random events
, Genetic Drift - ANSWERcauses allele frequency to fluctuate; greater in smaller
populations
Bottleneck Effect - ANSWERcatastrophe kills large amount of people, loss of genetic
diversity; recessive alleles become more present
Gene Flow - ANSWERmovement of alleles between populations; mixes genetic
diversity in a populations; makes two pools or more similar populations similar
Random Mating - ANSWERindividuals do not choose mates, never observed in natural
population
Natural Selection - ANSWERheritable variation, over-reproduction causes competition
and differ in reproductive success and fitness, Adaptation
Natural Selection: Stabilizing Selection - ANSWERselect against extremes
Natural Selection: Directional selection - ANSWERone extreme is favored
Natural Selection: Disruptive Selection - ANSWERboth extremes favored
Macroevolution - ANSWERspeciation and divergence of life
Speciation - ANSWERgroup of organisms capable of interbreeding
Habitat Isolation - ANSWERPre zygotic; Same environment, different niche
Temporal Isolation - ANSWERPre zygotic; mate at different seasons ex. skunks
Behavioral Isolation - ANSWERPre Zygotic; courtship; blue footed booby, masked
booby
Mechanical Isolation - ANSWERmating; genetals do not match
Gamete Isolation - ANSWERmating; sperm and egg do not match ex. sea urchins
zygote mortality isolation - ANSWERfertilization; zygote dies after it is fertilized
Hybrid Sterility Isolation - ANSWERfertilization; mules, cannot reproduce
F2 Fitness Isolation - ANSWERF2 generation has reduced fitness ex. inbred
Allopatric Speciation - ANSWERin the same geographical area, new barrier
Sympatric Speciation - ANSWERsame region; one allele takes over and a randomly
changes; reproductive not geographical
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
Biological Evolution - ANSWERorganisms change over time
Darwin - ANSWERTheory of Natural Selection (short necked giraffes die and therefore,
don't reproduce)
Lamarck - ANSWERInheritance of Acquired Characteristics (giraffes stretch their necks
to reach food and then their offspring are born with the longer neck)
Evidence of Evolution - ANSWERFossils, Transitional Forms, Analogous Structures,
Homologous Structures, Vestigial Structures
Fossils - ANSWERhard body parts, embedded in sedimentary rock, deposited in Strata
Mold - ANSWERair space remains
Cast - ANSWERSilica fills space
Transitional Form - ANSWERWhale: reduced hind limbs and pelvic bones
Analogous Structure - ANSWERevolved separately but have similar functions ex.
human and octopi eyes
Homologous Structure - ANSWERsimilar structure but have different functions ex. arm,
cat, whale, bat
biochemical evidence of evolution - ANSWERDNA, ATP, enzymes are universal
Genetic Code evidence of evolution - ANSWERRNA to amino acid triplets are universal,
many genes are shared by all organisms
Microevolution - ANSWERchange in allele frequency in a population over time
who evolves - ANSWERpopulations
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium - ANSWERNo mutations, No genetic drift, No gene flow,
No natural selection, Random Mating
Mutation - ANSWERcause allele frequency in a populations, only source of variation,
random events
, Genetic Drift - ANSWERcauses allele frequency to fluctuate; greater in smaller
populations
Bottleneck Effect - ANSWERcatastrophe kills large amount of people, loss of genetic
diversity; recessive alleles become more present
Gene Flow - ANSWERmovement of alleles between populations; mixes genetic
diversity in a populations; makes two pools or more similar populations similar
Random Mating - ANSWERindividuals do not choose mates, never observed in natural
population
Natural Selection - ANSWERheritable variation, over-reproduction causes competition
and differ in reproductive success and fitness, Adaptation
Natural Selection: Stabilizing Selection - ANSWERselect against extremes
Natural Selection: Directional selection - ANSWERone extreme is favored
Natural Selection: Disruptive Selection - ANSWERboth extremes favored
Macroevolution - ANSWERspeciation and divergence of life
Speciation - ANSWERgroup of organisms capable of interbreeding
Habitat Isolation - ANSWERPre zygotic; Same environment, different niche
Temporal Isolation - ANSWERPre zygotic; mate at different seasons ex. skunks
Behavioral Isolation - ANSWERPre Zygotic; courtship; blue footed booby, masked
booby
Mechanical Isolation - ANSWERmating; genetals do not match
Gamete Isolation - ANSWERmating; sperm and egg do not match ex. sea urchins
zygote mortality isolation - ANSWERfertilization; zygote dies after it is fertilized
Hybrid Sterility Isolation - ANSWERfertilization; mules, cannot reproduce
F2 Fitness Isolation - ANSWERF2 generation has reduced fitness ex. inbred
Allopatric Speciation - ANSWERin the same geographical area, new barrier
Sympatric Speciation - ANSWERsame region; one allele takes over and a randomly
changes; reproductive not geographical
