POB SHADWICK EXAM 3 TERMS
CORRECT 100%
DNA polymerase - ANSWERkey enzyme in DNA replication, is what causes
complementary base pairing to occur, only goes in one direction
DNA helicase - ANSWERunwinds and unzips the DNA helix
DNA ligase - ANSWERseals any breaks that were created in the lagging strand
between the Okazaki fragments
mRNA - ANSWERcarries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes, created by the
use of RNA polymerase, which stops at its terminator
when transcription stops... - ANSWERa guanine cap is added to the 5' end of the mRNA
and a poly-A tail is added to the 3' end to precent more reactions from occurring
all proteins start with... - ANSWERmethionine, AUG
tRNA - ANSWERtransports the amino acids to the ribosomes, the amino acid binds to
one end and the other end has an anticodon, the order of the mRNA codons decides
the order in which tRNA brings in the amino acids
initiation - ANSWERassemblies the ribosomal components, there are three tRNA
binding sites:
A (amino acid)
P (peptide)
E (exit)
albinism - ANSWERcaused by a faulty enzyme, which is nonfunctional
PKU - ANSWERlack the ability to process phenylalanine due to the lack of an enzyme,
need a special diet in order to develop properly during infancy
purines - ANSWERnucleotide with a double ring structure, adenine and guanine
pyrimidines - ANSWERnucleotides with a single ring in their structure, thymine,
cytosine, and uracil
promoter - ANSWERoperon, where RNA polymerase binds prior to transcription
pre mRNA - ANSWERmRNA produced by transcription that has not yet had its introns
removed
, wobble effect - ANSWERthird nucleotide in a codon can vary and it does not effect the
expression due to there being many codes for the same amino acid
release factor - ANSWERprotein that cleaved polypeptide from the last tRNA
operon - ANSWERgroup of structural and regulating genes that function as a single unit
repressor - ANSWERprevents polymerase from transcribing when it is present
pre transcriptional control - ANSWERie Barr body, using DNA methylation and
chromatin to turn off genes
euchromatin - ANSWERloosely packed chromatin, needs to be unpacked to be
transcribed
epigenetic inheritance - ANSWERwhere a nuclear gene has been modified but the
changed expression is not permanent over generations
transposon - ANSWERDNA sequence capable of randomly moving from one site to
another in the genome
angiogenesis - ANSWERformation of new blood vessels, this happening rapidly is
characteristic of cancer cells
each ribosomal subunit is composed of... - ANSWERrRNA and many proteins
heterochromatin - ANSWERportion of inactive chromatin
interphase - ANSWERthe resting phase between successive mitotic divisions of a cell,
or between the first and second divisions of meiosis. includes G1, S, and G2
G1 - ANSWERdoubles organelles
p53 - ANSWERmajor tumor suppressor gene, mutated in over 50% of cancers
spindle - ANSWERcollection of microtubules that assist in the orderly distribution of
chromosomes during cell division steps of mitosis
crossing over - ANSWERduring prophase 1, exchange of segments between non sister
chromatids of a bivalent during meiosis
interkinesis - ANSWERtime between meiosis 1 and 2, during which no DNA replication
takes place
CORRECT 100%
DNA polymerase - ANSWERkey enzyme in DNA replication, is what causes
complementary base pairing to occur, only goes in one direction
DNA helicase - ANSWERunwinds and unzips the DNA helix
DNA ligase - ANSWERseals any breaks that were created in the lagging strand
between the Okazaki fragments
mRNA - ANSWERcarries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes, created by the
use of RNA polymerase, which stops at its terminator
when transcription stops... - ANSWERa guanine cap is added to the 5' end of the mRNA
and a poly-A tail is added to the 3' end to precent more reactions from occurring
all proteins start with... - ANSWERmethionine, AUG
tRNA - ANSWERtransports the amino acids to the ribosomes, the amino acid binds to
one end and the other end has an anticodon, the order of the mRNA codons decides
the order in which tRNA brings in the amino acids
initiation - ANSWERassemblies the ribosomal components, there are three tRNA
binding sites:
A (amino acid)
P (peptide)
E (exit)
albinism - ANSWERcaused by a faulty enzyme, which is nonfunctional
PKU - ANSWERlack the ability to process phenylalanine due to the lack of an enzyme,
need a special diet in order to develop properly during infancy
purines - ANSWERnucleotide with a double ring structure, adenine and guanine
pyrimidines - ANSWERnucleotides with a single ring in their structure, thymine,
cytosine, and uracil
promoter - ANSWERoperon, where RNA polymerase binds prior to transcription
pre mRNA - ANSWERmRNA produced by transcription that has not yet had its introns
removed
, wobble effect - ANSWERthird nucleotide in a codon can vary and it does not effect the
expression due to there being many codes for the same amino acid
release factor - ANSWERprotein that cleaved polypeptide from the last tRNA
operon - ANSWERgroup of structural and regulating genes that function as a single unit
repressor - ANSWERprevents polymerase from transcribing when it is present
pre transcriptional control - ANSWERie Barr body, using DNA methylation and
chromatin to turn off genes
euchromatin - ANSWERloosely packed chromatin, needs to be unpacked to be
transcribed
epigenetic inheritance - ANSWERwhere a nuclear gene has been modified but the
changed expression is not permanent over generations
transposon - ANSWERDNA sequence capable of randomly moving from one site to
another in the genome
angiogenesis - ANSWERformation of new blood vessels, this happening rapidly is
characteristic of cancer cells
each ribosomal subunit is composed of... - ANSWERrRNA and many proteins
heterochromatin - ANSWERportion of inactive chromatin
interphase - ANSWERthe resting phase between successive mitotic divisions of a cell,
or between the first and second divisions of meiosis. includes G1, S, and G2
G1 - ANSWERdoubles organelles
p53 - ANSWERmajor tumor suppressor gene, mutated in over 50% of cancers
spindle - ANSWERcollection of microtubules that assist in the orderly distribution of
chromosomes during cell division steps of mitosis
crossing over - ANSWERduring prophase 1, exchange of segments between non sister
chromatids of a bivalent during meiosis
interkinesis - ANSWERtime between meiosis 1 and 2, during which no DNA replication
takes place
