and Answers 2025-2026 Updated.
political culture - Answer commonly shared attitudes, beliefs, and core values about how
government should operate
political socialization - Answer The process by which we develop our political attitudes,
values, and beliefs.
agents of socialization - Answer social institutions, including families and schools, that help
to shape individuals' basic political beliefs and values
frames of reference - Answer lenses through which individuals view the world in order to
evaluate politics, society, etc. (political ideology, party identification, group orientation)
Primacy Principle - Answer what is learned first tends to leave a strong and lasting
impression that remains with a person throughout life
Structuring Principle (Political Socialization) - Answer what is learned first structures later
learning
age-cohort tendency - Answer younger people are more likely to change position than older
people
political ideology - Answer A coherent system of ideas about the proper role of government,
what the government should or shouldn't do
four main political ideologies in U.S. politics - Answer Conservative, liberal, libertarian,
populist
Symbolic vs. operational ideology - Answer What you think you are vs. what you actually are
(you may think you're a liberal, symbolic, when you're actually a libertarian, operational)
crosscutting groups - Answer Each group includes individuals who also belong to other
, Polling Methodology - Answer random sampling
opinion dimensions - Answer Direction, intensity, and Salience
Direction - Answer whether you are for or against an issue
Intensity - Answer How strongly that position is felt (the more you care the more you act)
Salience - Answer how important the issue is compared to other issues
voting - Answer Most common form of political participation
Role of Political Parties - Answer Is for groups of like-minded individuals who share common
beliefs and ideas to work together in hopes of electing their members to political offices. They
share a common label and policy platform. Connect citizens to the government, Offer voters
choices, Simplify voting, Develop public policy, Structure Congress, Assist with organizing
elections, and Build electoral coalitions
Influence of third parties - Answer Third parties usually don't win elections but by their
lobbying for their specific agenda it makes their issues known and they may be absorbed by a
larger party
Why a 2 party system? - Answer Winner Take All and Single Member Districts (and broad
party coalitions)
general election - Answer election in which voters decide which candidates will actually fill
elective public offices
primary election - Answer Nominating election held to choose party candidates who will run
in the general election
single-member district - Answer electoral district from which one person is chosen by the
voters for each elected office