Chem 110 PSU: Final Exam 2025/2026
Updated with Correct/verified
Solutions Rated A+.
Chapter One: Matter and Energy (Sections 1-7) - Answer topics covered: atomic structure
Avogadro's #
ions and molecules
intro to energy
enthalpy
light energy
spectroscopy
atoms - Answer the smallest units of matter that correspond to the elements on the periodic
table
equation to calculate the energy needed to break a bond of wavelength - Answer
(avogadro's #)(h)(c)/ Bond disassociation energy
Avogadro's number - Answer 6.02 x 10^23
What do atoms contain? - Answer protons, neutrons, electrons
where do the properties of an atom come from - Answer their composition and structure
what is atomic size measured in - Answer Angstroms (1 Å= 100pm= 10^-10 m)
charges for protons, neutrons, and electrons (in order) - Answer +1 au, 0 au, -1 au
atomic number - Answer number of protons in the nucleus of each atom of an element;
determines chemical identity
what are electrons and protons held together by - Answer electrostatic force that is
,Enthalpy - Answer heat transferred at constant pressure; is a state function
state function - Answer A function that depends only on the initial and final states of a
system, not on the path in between.
mass number - Answer # of protons + # of neutrons (located on the top left when looking at
isotopes
where is most of the mass in a atom is - Answer the nucleus
atomic mass - Answer mass of a single atom of a particular isotope
atomic weight - Answer average mass of all isotopes of a given element weighted by their
abundance
atomic weight (average atomic mass) equation - Answer E((isotope mass)x(relative
abundance)]
what unit is atomic mass given in - Answer amu (atomic massunit)
Ions - Answer an atom that has gained or lost 1 more more electrons
cations - Answer (+) lost electrons
anions - Answer (-) gained electrons
what are the number of protons, neutrons, ad electrons for the following: Br-79 ^(-1) - Answer
protons= 35
neutrons= 44
electrons= 36
Molecules - Answer groups of atoms held together by chemical bonds
,molecular formula - Answer shows the identity and number of atoms in molecules, reps the
actual molecule
structural formula - Answer a formula that shows the arrangement of atoms in the molecule
of a compound
ball and stick model - Answer Uses balls to represent atoms and sticks to represent chemical
bonds
space-filling model - Answer shows the relative sizes of the atoms, as well as their relative
orientation in the molecule (most accurate)
Chapter Two: Hydrogen Atom (Sections 1-5) - Answer topics covered: line spectra
Bohr's model
matter waves
quantum numbers
orbitals
ions always come in... - Answer pairs (cations and anions)
what is modified in chemical reaction in relations to atomic structure - Answer the electron
cloud, the nuclei of atoms remain unchanged
what happens when you continuously apply energy (heat or electric current) to a solid? -
Answer that material will eventually reach a temp where it emits electromagnetic radiation
in the form of light (black body radiation)
black body radiation - Answer Radiation emitted by a heated object
line spectrum - Answer a spectrum containing radiation of only specific wavelengths
absorption spectrum - Answer A graph plotting a pigment light light absorption.
, quantized - Answer electrons can only exist at specific energy levels, separated by specific
intervals (the spaces between cannot be occupied)
when an electron is absorbed ... - Answer ... it jumps to an excited state (absorption)
when an electron relaxes... - Answer its energy goes down (emmision)
how to get discreet frequencies/ wavelengths of light - Answer Rh= 1.097x10^7 m^-1
Bohr's model of the atom - Answer an electron can only exist at certain specific distances
from a nucleus (only certain orbit radii are allowed)
what does the bohr model apply to - Answer only elemnts with one electron (ex: hydrogen)
different types of light sources will produce... - Answer different types of line spectra
lightbulb - Answer has a black body radiation light source w a continuous spectrum and has
all visible frequency
Hg vapor - Answer has a gas phase light source, with a discrete line on the spectrum and a
few visible frequencies
laser - Answer emits its own light with a monochromatic (single) wavelength and emits only
one frequency
Frequency - Answer the number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time
each element has a ______ line spectrum - Answer unique
can quantum number be in halves and quarters ? - Answer no it can only be an integer
(whole numbers)
Updated with Correct/verified
Solutions Rated A+.
Chapter One: Matter and Energy (Sections 1-7) - Answer topics covered: atomic structure
Avogadro's #
ions and molecules
intro to energy
enthalpy
light energy
spectroscopy
atoms - Answer the smallest units of matter that correspond to the elements on the periodic
table
equation to calculate the energy needed to break a bond of wavelength - Answer
(avogadro's #)(h)(c)/ Bond disassociation energy
Avogadro's number - Answer 6.02 x 10^23
What do atoms contain? - Answer protons, neutrons, electrons
where do the properties of an atom come from - Answer their composition and structure
what is atomic size measured in - Answer Angstroms (1 Å= 100pm= 10^-10 m)
charges for protons, neutrons, and electrons (in order) - Answer +1 au, 0 au, -1 au
atomic number - Answer number of protons in the nucleus of each atom of an element;
determines chemical identity
what are electrons and protons held together by - Answer electrostatic force that is
,Enthalpy - Answer heat transferred at constant pressure; is a state function
state function - Answer A function that depends only on the initial and final states of a
system, not on the path in between.
mass number - Answer # of protons + # of neutrons (located on the top left when looking at
isotopes
where is most of the mass in a atom is - Answer the nucleus
atomic mass - Answer mass of a single atom of a particular isotope
atomic weight - Answer average mass of all isotopes of a given element weighted by their
abundance
atomic weight (average atomic mass) equation - Answer E((isotope mass)x(relative
abundance)]
what unit is atomic mass given in - Answer amu (atomic massunit)
Ions - Answer an atom that has gained or lost 1 more more electrons
cations - Answer (+) lost electrons
anions - Answer (-) gained electrons
what are the number of protons, neutrons, ad electrons for the following: Br-79 ^(-1) - Answer
protons= 35
neutrons= 44
electrons= 36
Molecules - Answer groups of atoms held together by chemical bonds
,molecular formula - Answer shows the identity and number of atoms in molecules, reps the
actual molecule
structural formula - Answer a formula that shows the arrangement of atoms in the molecule
of a compound
ball and stick model - Answer Uses balls to represent atoms and sticks to represent chemical
bonds
space-filling model - Answer shows the relative sizes of the atoms, as well as their relative
orientation in the molecule (most accurate)
Chapter Two: Hydrogen Atom (Sections 1-5) - Answer topics covered: line spectra
Bohr's model
matter waves
quantum numbers
orbitals
ions always come in... - Answer pairs (cations and anions)
what is modified in chemical reaction in relations to atomic structure - Answer the electron
cloud, the nuclei of atoms remain unchanged
what happens when you continuously apply energy (heat or electric current) to a solid? -
Answer that material will eventually reach a temp where it emits electromagnetic radiation
in the form of light (black body radiation)
black body radiation - Answer Radiation emitted by a heated object
line spectrum - Answer a spectrum containing radiation of only specific wavelengths
absorption spectrum - Answer A graph plotting a pigment light light absorption.
, quantized - Answer electrons can only exist at specific energy levels, separated by specific
intervals (the spaces between cannot be occupied)
when an electron is absorbed ... - Answer ... it jumps to an excited state (absorption)
when an electron relaxes... - Answer its energy goes down (emmision)
how to get discreet frequencies/ wavelengths of light - Answer Rh= 1.097x10^7 m^-1
Bohr's model of the atom - Answer an electron can only exist at certain specific distances
from a nucleus (only certain orbit radii are allowed)
what does the bohr model apply to - Answer only elemnts with one electron (ex: hydrogen)
different types of light sources will produce... - Answer different types of line spectra
lightbulb - Answer has a black body radiation light source w a continuous spectrum and has
all visible frequency
Hg vapor - Answer has a gas phase light source, with a discrete line on the spectrum and a
few visible frequencies
laser - Answer emits its own light with a monochromatic (single) wavelength and emits only
one frequency
Frequency - Answer the number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time
each element has a ______ line spectrum - Answer unique
can quantum number be in halves and quarters ? - Answer no it can only be an integer
(whole numbers)
