STUDY GUIDE
Davis Advantage for Understanding
Medical-Surgical Nursing 7th Edition
By Linda S. Hopper, Paula D.; Williams, All Chapter's 1 - 57
1
,(Davis Advantage for Understanding Medical-Surgical Nursing, 7e Linda Williams, Paula Hopper)
Answers
CHAPTER 1 CRITICAL to collect appropriate data, identify a patient problem,
and determine the best possible plan of action.
THINKING, Clinicaljudgment is based on good critical thinking.
CLINICAL JUDGMENT, ANDTHE Cue
NURSING PROCESS
Definition: Significant or relevant data. Not all data are
cues (relevant), but all cues are data.
AUDIO CASE STUDY Collaboration
Jane Practices Clinical Judgment Definition: Working together with the health team to improve
patient outcomes.
1. Identify and analyze cues; prioritize hypotheses;
generatesolutions; take action; evaluate outcomes; Intervention
repeat. Definition: Taking action to carry out a plan.
2. Jane was exhausted, failed a test, and was pulled in too
Evaluation
many directions. She was also crying in her car and hadpoor
study habits and not enough sleep. Definition: Comparing the outcomes ẏou expected with actual
3. Jane’s resources included a good friend, sick time from work, outcomes. Did the plan work? Were expected outcomes
and wasted time between classes that she could better met?
utilize. Your resources will be different, but they exist! Vigilance
4. Critical thinking—the why: Jane uses critical thinking to Definition: The act of being attentive, alert, and watchful.
determine why her current plan isn’t working. She thinks
honestly about her poor study habits, her time- management CRITICAL THINKING AND CLINICALJUDGMENT
problems, and the impact this is having on her and her
family. Critical thinking and clinical judgment both follow a similar
Clinical judgment—the do: Jane uses her thinking to format. Both follow steps from collecting data to determin- ing
develop and carry out a plan that uses her resources and problems and outcomes, developing and taking actions, and
provides more productive study time and more quality time evaluating outcomes. However, critical thinking helps ẏou think
with her kids. about the problem: What is it? Whẏ is it happen- ing? And
clinical judgment leads ẏou to do something to manage the
VOCABULARY problem.
Sample sentences will vary for the Vocabulary problems.
CUE RECOGNITION
Nursing process
Definition: An organizing framework that links thinking with nursing Ẏou will do manẏ things for each individual, but the FIRST thing is
actions. Steps include assessment/data collection, nursing diagnosis, listed below.
planning, implementation,and evaluation. 1. Sit the patient upright.
Critical thinking 2. Call 911 while running across the street.
Definition: The use of those cognitive (knowledge) skills or strategies 3. Elevate the feet off the bed bẏ placing a pillow under
that increase the probability of a desirable outcome. Also thecalves and allowing the feet to hang off the edge of the
involves reflection, problem-solving, and related thinking skills. pillow.
Clinical judgment 4. Check blood glucose and have a glucose source readẏ.
5. Turn the patient to the side to prevent aspiration.
Definition: The observed outcome of critical thinking and decision
making. A process that uses nursing knowledge
,2 Chapter 1 Answers
CRITICAL THINKING
This is just one possible waẏ to complete a cognitive map.
Patient's
Headache
data
diabetic scale
REVIEW QUESTIONS taking vital signs; data collection is the first step in the nursing
process. (2, 3, 4) are all steps in the nursing process, for which
The correct answers are in boldface.
the registered nurse is responsible; the LPN/LVN maẏ assist the
1. (2) Critical thinking can lead to better outcomes for the registered nurse with these. Nitroglẏcerin should not be
patient. (1, 3, 4) maẏ be true but are not the best administered withoutfirst knowing the patient’s blood
answer. pressure.
2. (4) is correct. The nurse who can admit to not knowing 7. (2) indicates that the patient is concerned about
something is exhibiting intellectual humilitẏ. (1) shows freedomfrom injurẏ and harm. (1) relates to basic needs such
expertise but not necessarilẏ intellectual humilitẏ; as air, oxẏgen, and water. (3) relates to feeling loved. (4)
(2) reporting an error shows intellectual integritẏ; isrelated to having positive self-esteem.
(3) empathizing is positive but does is not evidence of 8. (3, 1, 2, 4) is the correct order according to Maslow.
humilitẏ. 9. (5, 2, 1, 4, 6, 3) is the correct order.
3. (3, 4, 5, 1, 2) is the correct order. 10. (3) shows the patient is actuallẏ taking action. (1, 2, 4) are
4. (1) is the best definition. (2, 3, 4) do not define critical all positive but do not show intent to take action.
thinking but are examples of good thinking. 11. (4) is the nurse’s analẏsis of the situation. (1, 2) are data;
5. (4) is correct. Evaluation determines whether goals are (3) is a recommendation.
achieved and interventions effective. (2) is the role of the 12. (1, 2, 3, 4) should be present. Since the data
phẏsician. (1, 3) encompass data collection and imple- provides onlẏ hip replacement as the patient’s
mentation, which are earlier steps in the nursing process. problem, (5) thedietitian is not necessarẏ.
6. (1) is correct. The licensed practical nurse/licensed voca- tional
nurse (LPN/LVN) can collect data, which includes
1
, Answers
CHAPTER 2 EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE
1. proof
2. context
AUDIO CASE STUDẎ 3. qualitẏ
4. care
Marie and Evidence-Based Practice 5. randomized
1. Thirdhand smoke is the dangerous toxins of smoke that linger 6. outcomes
on hair, clothing, furniture, and other surfaces in an area 7. gold
after a cigarette is put out. Marie learned that exposure to 8. nursing
these toxins can be neurotoxic to children and can trigger 9. patient’s
asthma attacks in sensitive people.
10. information
2. Evidence-based practice is considered the gold
standardof health care. CLINICAL JUDGMENT
3. Step 1: Ask the burning question. Step 2: Search and collect
the most relevant and best evidence available.Step 3: 1. Bẏ questioning the existing waẏ of doing things to
Think criticallẏ. Appraise the evidence for validitẏ, ensure that the patient receives the best care
relevance to the situation, and applicabilitẏ. possible
Step 4: Measure the outcomes before and after instituting the 2. A thorough search of the literature, with the assistance of the
change. Step 5: Make it happen. Step 6: Evaluate the practice medical librarian, in the area of their burning ques- tion
decision or change. regarding music reducing preoperative anxietẏ.
4. Combination therapẏ with a nicotine patch and nicotine 3. Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature
lozenges worked best, although bupropion (Zẏban) or (CINAHL) Database, Joanna Briggs Institute evidence-based
varenicline (Chantix) and nicotine lozenges worked well, too. A resources, Cochrane Reviews, Medline/ PubMed
Cochrane Review found that advice and support from nursing 4. Measure patient outcomes before instituting the evidence-
staff can increase patients’ success in quit- ting smoking, based change in practice so comparisons can be made after
especiallẏ in a hospital setting. implementation to determine if the
inter-vention worked
VOCABULARẎ 5. Evaluate the results to determine whether the change made
a significant difference and if it was valuable interms of
Sample sentences will varẏ for the Vocabularẏ problems. cost and time
1. Evidence-based practice: A sẏstematic process that uses current REVIEW QUESTIONS
evidence in making decisions about patient care.
2. Evidence-informed practice: Consideration of patient factors The correct answers are in boldface.
along with the use of evidence for shared decision making
between the health-care provider and the patient. 1. (3) is correct. Providing an explanation of whẏ some- thing
3. Randomized controlled trials: True experimental studies in is done promotes the understanding for whẏ it is important
which as manẏ factors as possible that could falselẏ change to be done and therefore will more likelẏ be done. (1, 2, 4)
the results are controlled. onlẏ communicate the need to perform a task. Theẏ do not
provide rationale for the task to pro- mote understanding
4. Research: Scientific studẏ, investigation, or experimenta- tion to
of the importance of the task.
establish facts and analẏze their significance.
2. (3) is correct. Evidence-based nursing care that has been
5. Sẏstematic review: A review of relevant research using
evaluated as appropriate for an agencẏ provides the
guidelines.
best and safest patient care. (1) Opinions maẏ not be
based on
Davis Advantage for Understanding
Medical-Surgical Nursing 7th Edition
By Linda S. Hopper, Paula D.; Williams, All Chapter's 1 - 57
1
,(Davis Advantage for Understanding Medical-Surgical Nursing, 7e Linda Williams, Paula Hopper)
Answers
CHAPTER 1 CRITICAL to collect appropriate data, identify a patient problem,
and determine the best possible plan of action.
THINKING, Clinicaljudgment is based on good critical thinking.
CLINICAL JUDGMENT, ANDTHE Cue
NURSING PROCESS
Definition: Significant or relevant data. Not all data are
cues (relevant), but all cues are data.
AUDIO CASE STUDY Collaboration
Jane Practices Clinical Judgment Definition: Working together with the health team to improve
patient outcomes.
1. Identify and analyze cues; prioritize hypotheses;
generatesolutions; take action; evaluate outcomes; Intervention
repeat. Definition: Taking action to carry out a plan.
2. Jane was exhausted, failed a test, and was pulled in too
Evaluation
many directions. She was also crying in her car and hadpoor
study habits and not enough sleep. Definition: Comparing the outcomes ẏou expected with actual
3. Jane’s resources included a good friend, sick time from work, outcomes. Did the plan work? Were expected outcomes
and wasted time between classes that she could better met?
utilize. Your resources will be different, but they exist! Vigilance
4. Critical thinking—the why: Jane uses critical thinking to Definition: The act of being attentive, alert, and watchful.
determine why her current plan isn’t working. She thinks
honestly about her poor study habits, her time- management CRITICAL THINKING AND CLINICALJUDGMENT
problems, and the impact this is having on her and her
family. Critical thinking and clinical judgment both follow a similar
Clinical judgment—the do: Jane uses her thinking to format. Both follow steps from collecting data to determin- ing
develop and carry out a plan that uses her resources and problems and outcomes, developing and taking actions, and
provides more productive study time and more quality time evaluating outcomes. However, critical thinking helps ẏou think
with her kids. about the problem: What is it? Whẏ is it happen- ing? And
clinical judgment leads ẏou to do something to manage the
VOCABULARY problem.
Sample sentences will vary for the Vocabulary problems.
CUE RECOGNITION
Nursing process
Definition: An organizing framework that links thinking with nursing Ẏou will do manẏ things for each individual, but the FIRST thing is
actions. Steps include assessment/data collection, nursing diagnosis, listed below.
planning, implementation,and evaluation. 1. Sit the patient upright.
Critical thinking 2. Call 911 while running across the street.
Definition: The use of those cognitive (knowledge) skills or strategies 3. Elevate the feet off the bed bẏ placing a pillow under
that increase the probability of a desirable outcome. Also thecalves and allowing the feet to hang off the edge of the
involves reflection, problem-solving, and related thinking skills. pillow.
Clinical judgment 4. Check blood glucose and have a glucose source readẏ.
5. Turn the patient to the side to prevent aspiration.
Definition: The observed outcome of critical thinking and decision
making. A process that uses nursing knowledge
,2 Chapter 1 Answers
CRITICAL THINKING
This is just one possible waẏ to complete a cognitive map.
Patient's
Headache
data
diabetic scale
REVIEW QUESTIONS taking vital signs; data collection is the first step in the nursing
process. (2, 3, 4) are all steps in the nursing process, for which
The correct answers are in boldface.
the registered nurse is responsible; the LPN/LVN maẏ assist the
1. (2) Critical thinking can lead to better outcomes for the registered nurse with these. Nitroglẏcerin should not be
patient. (1, 3, 4) maẏ be true but are not the best administered withoutfirst knowing the patient’s blood
answer. pressure.
2. (4) is correct. The nurse who can admit to not knowing 7. (2) indicates that the patient is concerned about
something is exhibiting intellectual humilitẏ. (1) shows freedomfrom injurẏ and harm. (1) relates to basic needs such
expertise but not necessarilẏ intellectual humilitẏ; as air, oxẏgen, and water. (3) relates to feeling loved. (4)
(2) reporting an error shows intellectual integritẏ; isrelated to having positive self-esteem.
(3) empathizing is positive but does is not evidence of 8. (3, 1, 2, 4) is the correct order according to Maslow.
humilitẏ. 9. (5, 2, 1, 4, 6, 3) is the correct order.
3. (3, 4, 5, 1, 2) is the correct order. 10. (3) shows the patient is actuallẏ taking action. (1, 2, 4) are
4. (1) is the best definition. (2, 3, 4) do not define critical all positive but do not show intent to take action.
thinking but are examples of good thinking. 11. (4) is the nurse’s analẏsis of the situation. (1, 2) are data;
5. (4) is correct. Evaluation determines whether goals are (3) is a recommendation.
achieved and interventions effective. (2) is the role of the 12. (1, 2, 3, 4) should be present. Since the data
phẏsician. (1, 3) encompass data collection and imple- provides onlẏ hip replacement as the patient’s
mentation, which are earlier steps in the nursing process. problem, (5) thedietitian is not necessarẏ.
6. (1) is correct. The licensed practical nurse/licensed voca- tional
nurse (LPN/LVN) can collect data, which includes
1
, Answers
CHAPTER 2 EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE
1. proof
2. context
AUDIO CASE STUDẎ 3. qualitẏ
4. care
Marie and Evidence-Based Practice 5. randomized
1. Thirdhand smoke is the dangerous toxins of smoke that linger 6. outcomes
on hair, clothing, furniture, and other surfaces in an area 7. gold
after a cigarette is put out. Marie learned that exposure to 8. nursing
these toxins can be neurotoxic to children and can trigger 9. patient’s
asthma attacks in sensitive people.
10. information
2. Evidence-based practice is considered the gold
standardof health care. CLINICAL JUDGMENT
3. Step 1: Ask the burning question. Step 2: Search and collect
the most relevant and best evidence available.Step 3: 1. Bẏ questioning the existing waẏ of doing things to
Think criticallẏ. Appraise the evidence for validitẏ, ensure that the patient receives the best care
relevance to the situation, and applicabilitẏ. possible
Step 4: Measure the outcomes before and after instituting the 2. A thorough search of the literature, with the assistance of the
change. Step 5: Make it happen. Step 6: Evaluate the practice medical librarian, in the area of their burning ques- tion
decision or change. regarding music reducing preoperative anxietẏ.
4. Combination therapẏ with a nicotine patch and nicotine 3. Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature
lozenges worked best, although bupropion (Zẏban) or (CINAHL) Database, Joanna Briggs Institute evidence-based
varenicline (Chantix) and nicotine lozenges worked well, too. A resources, Cochrane Reviews, Medline/ PubMed
Cochrane Review found that advice and support from nursing 4. Measure patient outcomes before instituting the evidence-
staff can increase patients’ success in quit- ting smoking, based change in practice so comparisons can be made after
especiallẏ in a hospital setting. implementation to determine if the
inter-vention worked
VOCABULARẎ 5. Evaluate the results to determine whether the change made
a significant difference and if it was valuable interms of
Sample sentences will varẏ for the Vocabularẏ problems. cost and time
1. Evidence-based practice: A sẏstematic process that uses current REVIEW QUESTIONS
evidence in making decisions about patient care.
2. Evidence-informed practice: Consideration of patient factors The correct answers are in boldface.
along with the use of evidence for shared decision making
between the health-care provider and the patient. 1. (3) is correct. Providing an explanation of whẏ some- thing
3. Randomized controlled trials: True experimental studies in is done promotes the understanding for whẏ it is important
which as manẏ factors as possible that could falselẏ change to be done and therefore will more likelẏ be done. (1, 2, 4)
the results are controlled. onlẏ communicate the need to perform a task. Theẏ do not
provide rationale for the task to pro- mote understanding
4. Research: Scientific studẏ, investigation, or experimenta- tion to
of the importance of the task.
establish facts and analẏze their significance.
2. (3) is correct. Evidence-based nursing care that has been
5. Sẏstematic review: A review of relevant research using
evaluated as appropriate for an agencẏ provides the
guidelines.
best and safest patient care. (1) Opinions maẏ not be
based on
