Chamberlain BIOS 251 Exam 1
Questions and Correct Answers
`LDL (Lower Density Lipoprotein) - Answer-"bad cholesterol"; high ratio of lipid to
protein; contributes to heart disease
2 carbon compounds that aren't organic: - Answer-carbon dioxide (CO2) and
methane (CH4)
3 important disaccharides - Answer-Sucrose (table sugar) glucose+fructose, Lactose
(milk sugar) glucose+galactose, maltose (sugar in grain products) glucose+glucose
3 important polysaccharides - Answer-glycogen (energy storage in cells of liver,
muscle, brain, uterus vagina), starch (energy storage in plants that are digestible by
humans), cellulose (structural molecule in plants thats important for human dietary
fiber)
3 main types of bonds - Answer-ionic, covalent, metallic
4 abdominopelvic quadrants - Answer-Right upper quadrant (RUQ)
Left upper quadrant (LUQ)
Right lower quadrant (RLQ)
Left lower quadrant (LLQ)
4 categories of carbon compounds - Answer-carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic
acids
4 Main Body Cavities - Answer-Crainial (brain), Vertebral (spinal cord), Thoracic
(lungs), Abdominopelvic (all abdominal and pelvic organs)
5 primary types of lipids in the body - Answer-Fatty acids, triglycerides,
phospholipids, eicosanoids, steroids
9 abdominopelvic regions - Answer-right hypochondriac, epigastric, left
hypochondriac, right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar, right iliac, hypogastric, left iliac
A triglyceride has three saturated fatty acids. I could refer to this lipid as a(n) -
Answer-fat
Abdominopelvic cavity - Answer-Abdominal cavity, contains: stomach, intestines,
spleen, liver, superior region of cavity. Pelvic cavity, contains: urinary bladder,
reproductive organs and rectum. Inferior region of cavity.
Acid - Answer-Proton donor (releases H+ ions in water); less than 7
Actin - Answer-important for muscle contractions
,Adhesion - Answer-tendency of one substance to cling to another; water adheres to
large membranes reducing friction around organs
Alcohol - Answer-OH group attached to a carbon chain
Amine - Answer-Nitrogen atom in an organic molecule
Amino Acids - Answer-central carbon with 3 attachments (amino groups (-NH2)
carboxyl group (-COOH) and radical group (R group))
An enzyme is best described as a: - Answer-biological catalyst
Anabolism - Answer-building up process; energy storing (endergonic) synthesis
reactions; requires energy input;
Anabolism+Catabolism - Answer-Metabolism
Anion - Answer-particle with a net negative charge
anterior/posterior - Answer-Toward the ventral side
Toward the dorsal side
antibodies - Answer-used to fight off microorganisms
Antioxidants - Answer-chemicals that neutralize free radicals, SOD (superoxide
dismutase) is an antioxidant enzyme in the body; Selenium, Vitamin C and E and
carotenoids are antioxidants obtained through diet
Appendicular - Answer-upper and lower limbs
Appendicular Region - Answer-Axillary (underarm), Brachial (upper arm), Antecubital
(front of elbow), Antebrachial (forearm), Carpal (wrist), Palmar (palm), Pollex
(thumb), Digital/Phalangeal (fingers), Femoral (thigh), Patellar (anterior surface of
the knee), Crural (leg), Pedal (foot)
Atomic Mass - Answer-Number of protons and neutrons
Atomic Number - Answer-the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
Atomic number (for an element) - Answer-number of protons in the nucleus
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) - Answer-body's most important energy transfer
molecule, stores energy gained from exergonic reactions, releases it within seconds
for physiological work, holds energy in covalent bonds
ATP production - Answer-glucose oxidation and ATP synthesis; glycolysis (splitting
glucose into 2 pyruvates); •If ATP demand outpaces oxygen supply pyruvate
anaerobically ferments to lactate; •If enough oxygen present aerobic respiration
occurs in mitochondria
, Auscultation - Answer-Listening with a stethoscope
Axial - Answer-Represents core of body, includes all structures except upper and
lower appendages
Axial Region - Answer-Cephalic, Cervical (neck), Thoracic (chest), Abdominal (belly),
Pelvic (hip), Pubic (groin)
Base - Answer-Proton acceptor (accepts H+ ions or releases OH- ions); more than 7
biomolecules that are examples of amino acid based structures. - Answer-insulin,
actin
Bipedalism - Answer-the ability to walk upright on two legs
Body Cavities - Answer-spaces within the body that contain and protect internal
organs
buffer - Answer-compound that prevents sharp, sudden changes in pH
Calorie - Answer-base unit of heat
Carbohydrates - Answer-hydrophilic organic molecules; 2:1 ratio of hydrogen to
oxygen;
Carboxylic Acid - Answer-COOH
Catabolism - Answer-breaking down process of covalent bonds; energy releasing
(exergonic) decomposition reactions; produces smaller molecules
Catalysis - Answer-the enzymes that catalyze physiological reactions are usually
globular proteins
Cation - Answer-particle with a net positive charge
Caudal - Answer-toward the tail or inferior end
Cell Adhesion - Answer-proteins bind cells together
Cellular Composition - Answer-living matter is always compartmentalized into one or
more cells
Cephallic - Answer-toward the head or superior end
Characteristics of life - Answer-organization, cellular composition, metabolism,
responsiveness and movement, homeostasis, development, reproduction, evolution
Chemical Bonds - Answer-the attractive forces that hold atoms together
Questions and Correct Answers
`LDL (Lower Density Lipoprotein) - Answer-"bad cholesterol"; high ratio of lipid to
protein; contributes to heart disease
2 carbon compounds that aren't organic: - Answer-carbon dioxide (CO2) and
methane (CH4)
3 important disaccharides - Answer-Sucrose (table sugar) glucose+fructose, Lactose
(milk sugar) glucose+galactose, maltose (sugar in grain products) glucose+glucose
3 important polysaccharides - Answer-glycogen (energy storage in cells of liver,
muscle, brain, uterus vagina), starch (energy storage in plants that are digestible by
humans), cellulose (structural molecule in plants thats important for human dietary
fiber)
3 main types of bonds - Answer-ionic, covalent, metallic
4 abdominopelvic quadrants - Answer-Right upper quadrant (RUQ)
Left upper quadrant (LUQ)
Right lower quadrant (RLQ)
Left lower quadrant (LLQ)
4 categories of carbon compounds - Answer-carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic
acids
4 Main Body Cavities - Answer-Crainial (brain), Vertebral (spinal cord), Thoracic
(lungs), Abdominopelvic (all abdominal and pelvic organs)
5 primary types of lipids in the body - Answer-Fatty acids, triglycerides,
phospholipids, eicosanoids, steroids
9 abdominopelvic regions - Answer-right hypochondriac, epigastric, left
hypochondriac, right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar, right iliac, hypogastric, left iliac
A triglyceride has three saturated fatty acids. I could refer to this lipid as a(n) -
Answer-fat
Abdominopelvic cavity - Answer-Abdominal cavity, contains: stomach, intestines,
spleen, liver, superior region of cavity. Pelvic cavity, contains: urinary bladder,
reproductive organs and rectum. Inferior region of cavity.
Acid - Answer-Proton donor (releases H+ ions in water); less than 7
Actin - Answer-important for muscle contractions
,Adhesion - Answer-tendency of one substance to cling to another; water adheres to
large membranes reducing friction around organs
Alcohol - Answer-OH group attached to a carbon chain
Amine - Answer-Nitrogen atom in an organic molecule
Amino Acids - Answer-central carbon with 3 attachments (amino groups (-NH2)
carboxyl group (-COOH) and radical group (R group))
An enzyme is best described as a: - Answer-biological catalyst
Anabolism - Answer-building up process; energy storing (endergonic) synthesis
reactions; requires energy input;
Anabolism+Catabolism - Answer-Metabolism
Anion - Answer-particle with a net negative charge
anterior/posterior - Answer-Toward the ventral side
Toward the dorsal side
antibodies - Answer-used to fight off microorganisms
Antioxidants - Answer-chemicals that neutralize free radicals, SOD (superoxide
dismutase) is an antioxidant enzyme in the body; Selenium, Vitamin C and E and
carotenoids are antioxidants obtained through diet
Appendicular - Answer-upper and lower limbs
Appendicular Region - Answer-Axillary (underarm), Brachial (upper arm), Antecubital
(front of elbow), Antebrachial (forearm), Carpal (wrist), Palmar (palm), Pollex
(thumb), Digital/Phalangeal (fingers), Femoral (thigh), Patellar (anterior surface of
the knee), Crural (leg), Pedal (foot)
Atomic Mass - Answer-Number of protons and neutrons
Atomic Number - Answer-the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
Atomic number (for an element) - Answer-number of protons in the nucleus
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) - Answer-body's most important energy transfer
molecule, stores energy gained from exergonic reactions, releases it within seconds
for physiological work, holds energy in covalent bonds
ATP production - Answer-glucose oxidation and ATP synthesis; glycolysis (splitting
glucose into 2 pyruvates); •If ATP demand outpaces oxygen supply pyruvate
anaerobically ferments to lactate; •If enough oxygen present aerobic respiration
occurs in mitochondria
, Auscultation - Answer-Listening with a stethoscope
Axial - Answer-Represents core of body, includes all structures except upper and
lower appendages
Axial Region - Answer-Cephalic, Cervical (neck), Thoracic (chest), Abdominal (belly),
Pelvic (hip), Pubic (groin)
Base - Answer-Proton acceptor (accepts H+ ions or releases OH- ions); more than 7
biomolecules that are examples of amino acid based structures. - Answer-insulin,
actin
Bipedalism - Answer-the ability to walk upright on two legs
Body Cavities - Answer-spaces within the body that contain and protect internal
organs
buffer - Answer-compound that prevents sharp, sudden changes in pH
Calorie - Answer-base unit of heat
Carbohydrates - Answer-hydrophilic organic molecules; 2:1 ratio of hydrogen to
oxygen;
Carboxylic Acid - Answer-COOH
Catabolism - Answer-breaking down process of covalent bonds; energy releasing
(exergonic) decomposition reactions; produces smaller molecules
Catalysis - Answer-the enzymes that catalyze physiological reactions are usually
globular proteins
Cation - Answer-particle with a net positive charge
Caudal - Answer-toward the tail or inferior end
Cell Adhesion - Answer-proteins bind cells together
Cellular Composition - Answer-living matter is always compartmentalized into one or
more cells
Cephallic - Answer-toward the head or superior end
Characteristics of life - Answer-organization, cellular composition, metabolism,
responsiveness and movement, homeostasis, development, reproduction, evolution
Chemical Bonds - Answer-the attractive forces that hold atoms together
