MICROBIOLOGY FUNDAMENTALS: A CLINICAL APPROACH EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. VERIFIED 2025/2026.

MICROBIOLOGY FUNDAMENTALS: A
CLINICAL APPROACH EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. VERIFIED
2025/2026.




Microbiology - ANS A specialized area of biology that deals with living things ordinarily too
small to be seen without magnification.



Microorganisms include: - ANS Bacteria, archaea, fungi, and protozoa



Helminths - ANS Multicellular animals whose mature form is visible to the naked eye.



Virus and prions - ANS Acellular organisms that cause human disease



Bacterium/ archaeon and eukaryote - ANS Cellular organisms



Eukaryotic cell - ANS Contains a nucleus



Prokaryotic cell or akaryote - ANS Lacks the nucleus




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, Three domains - ANS Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya



ubiquitous - ANS found everywhere



Theory of evolution - ANS The accumulation of changes that occur in organisms as they adapt
to their environments.



Alexander fleming - ANS Discovered penicillin. Also discovered that mold generated a
substance that kills bacteria



Biotechnology - ANS The manipulation of living organisms or their components to produce
useful products.



Genetic engineering - ANS Manipulating the genetics of microbes, plants and animals to
create new products. Called GMO's



Bioremediation - ANS The use of organisms to detoxify and restore polluted and degraded
ecosystems.



Pathogens - ANS disease causing agents



Infectious disease - ANS disease caused by a microorganism



Which disease processes has microbial infection been implicated? - ANS Gastric ulcers,
diabetes type 1, schizophrenia, and obesity.




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